■ 1 ! * 1 * * V ,. ''. 1 - -r y »-<• »f* <$>, % * GARDENING VOLUME V. September 15, 1896 to September 1, 1897. CHICAGO : The Gardening Company. 1897. VOLUME V. September 15, 1896 to September 1, 1897. CONTENTS. Illustrations are indicated by an Abies Ni >rni tin r iluna. - 50 Abutllon Sou v. de Bonn 39, 100 Acacias, seedling 230* Acanthus latlfollus 201,374 I Acanthus, varieties of the 201 I Acer polymorphumatropurpureutu 262 I Acer, varieties of the 364 AchlNeaptanolcafl.pl 90. 322. 337 I AchllleaB 315,337 I Aconite, winter 215,229 J Aconltum napellus 359 Adlautum pedatum ... 343 Adlantumshurt by tobacco smoke. 139 1 AdODls vernalls 149.24*'. j ■ Erva sangulnea 30 vEthlonaema grandlflorum 132 Agrostemma coronarla 315 Agrostemma fl s-Jovls 295 •Ah Wing. Chinese gardener In Calif.. 27 1 Allantus grandulosa 340 Akebla qutnata 152, 200, 244. 278 'a kebla qutnata. fruit of the 100 I Alplnlas ..155 Alstromerla aurantlaca *52, 07, 322 Alstromerlas 102 230.201 Altba-a frultex or Rose of Sharon 2 Altba?as, variegated 24 Althaeas, when to cut back 341 | AlyBsura saxatlie 09 AmarylluH belladonna 22 Amaryllises 50 'Amaryllses. new 259 Amelanehler rotundlfolla 197 Amelanchlers 101 Ampelopslsquinquefolla, 136, 166. 179,230 Ampelopsls Veltchl 298,313 :i77 Anagallls tenella 104 Andromeda arborea 5, loo Anemone fulgens Ifi2 *Anemone japonlca alba 117. 374 Anemone, ihe rue 247 Anemones 117.246 Anemones. Japanese. 3, 5, 22 AnnualH and perennials 151 Annuals for Decoration day 140 Annuals, notes on 210, 35s Antennarlas 133 Anthemls tlnctorla 90, 132 Antherlcum Llllago ,296 Antherlcum UllaBtrum , 315 Antirrhinums 10/358 Ants 277 Aphides on cherry tree 379 Aphides, remedy for 71 ApHls 25 Apples 12.75 Aquatics 7.25, 113, 137. 145,210.257 ♦Aquatics, a pond of .257 ♦Aquatics, pond for tender 9 Aqullegias 110,150.274 295,316 Arablsalblda 69,246, 258 Arabia alplna 248. 315 •Aralla papyrlfera 133 Aralla splnosa 24.102.353 Aralla, eachemerlca and racemosa. . . .377 Arallas, Manchurlan 24 Araucarla excelsa i;i8 •Arborviue, Chinese golden 37 Arbutus, trailing 108 ArlBtolochla glgas var 58 Armenlaca daBycarpa 243 Armerla cepbalotes 296 Armerla marltlma 274 Arnebia echloldes 150 *Artocarpus inclsa 232 Artocarpus. varieties of the 232 Arum Dracunculus 7 Arundo donax n, (ja. 114 Ascleplas 312 Ascleplas lncarnata 132 Ascleplas tuberosa 23,341 AslmlnaBor pawpaws 147 Asparagus mo Asparagus pi umosus nanus 245 ABpen. the 202 Asperula odorata 279 Aspldlums 275 Aspleniums 270 Aster alplnus Hi» Aster, t,»ueen of the Earlles us Asters as cut flowers, fall 55 *ABterB. China 40, 102 •Asters, classes and varieties of 53 Asters, disease of the China 40 Asters. Japanese 70 Asters, new 70 Asters, our pictures of China 58 Asters, perennial 4. 22 Asters, Semple a 330 Asters, wild 56.68 Astllbe japonlca hurt by tobacco Bmoke 139 Asti Ibe rivularls 1H4 Astragalus b., poglottls 132 Atrosangulnea or Japan maple 52 AubrettaLelchtllnll 248 258 Aubretla vlolacea 246,258 AubretlaB In variety 248, 278 Auriculas 71.247 Autumn ramble, an 52 Azalea amcena 197 Azalea calendulacea 282 Azalea mollis wintered In cellar 08 Azalea vlscosa 197 Azaleas 4. 10,66,99. UMI AzaleaB in summer 236 Bacchans hallmlfolla 24 Balsam and larkspur seed •Bamboo In Ceylon, giant 129 BambooB, varieties of 130 Bambusu Metake 213 Banana plants, sowing young IS Barberries 24 BaBella. the 30 'Beans growing In a pot 240 ♦Bed In Highland Park, a scroll 55 Bedding, carpet 181 Beds or colored foliage 340 'Beech tree over 700 years old 2iiO Beeches 154 Beetles, blister 330 Begonia Froebelll lncomparablllB ... 184 Begonia vernon 4, 35S Begonias 50 Begonias, potash will make bloom 23 Begonias. Rex 39 Bellls perennis 216, 315 Bellls rotundlfolla 258 Benzoin odorlferum 99 • Berberis Thunbergll 119. 278, '353 Berberls vulgaris 274 •Berberis vulgaris var. amurenslB 119 Berries, soil for 107 Berry-bearing shrubs, ornamental 49 Berry bushes 12 Berry garden 107 Berry, June 101 Berry bushes protected from summer heat 267 Berrv bushes, winter protection for. . . 75 Betulas ... 148.194 Birch, weeping cut leaved 194 232,266 BlrcheB. ornamental 148 Birds In c nservatoiles 122 Blgnonla capreolata 243 Bittersweet. climbing 119 Blackberry bushes, pruning . . . 251 Blackberries 379 Blackberries and raspberries 302 Blister beetles 330 Bocconlacordata 2LS, 338, *342, 360 Bone meal— woodbine 2i9 Border bed. making 151 Border?, list of flowers for 259 Borers 147 Bougainvlllea glabra. 10. 57 •Bougatnvlllea glabra Sanderlana 345 Bouvardlas 50 ♦Bower, under a 220 * Bread fruit tree, the 232 Brodln-a cooclnea 296 Brodlfea Howelll Ulacina 273 Browallla elata 186 Bulb beds 178 Bulbocodlum vernum 229 ♦BulboUB flowers and cinerarias, dis- play of 245 Bulbs and bulb planting 30 Bulbs for the flower garden 59 Bulbs In co d frames, growing 10* , 103 Bulbs In ihe grass, naturalizing 50 Buphthalmum sallclfollum 300 Cabbages 60 Cacti, wintering 53 Caladlums, fancy leaved 39 Calaalums, wintering fancy 53 Calampells. the 360 •Calceolaria, specimen 261 Calceolarias for Easter 139 Calendula officinalis 358 Calllcarpa purpurea 197 Calllrhoe lnvolucrata 132. 341 CalllstlphUB chlnensls 100 Calachortus In variety 104, 290 315 Calycanihus pra?cox 2 Camasslas 273 •Campanula Calycanthema 88 Campanula carpathlca 322 Campanula glomerata 315 Campanula lactltlora 338 Campanula perslclfolla ,il4 Campanula pyramldalls 1. :>74 Campanula rotundltlora 296 Campanula trachellum 321 Campanulas J50 Canna— Brilliant 70 —California 70 —Champion 70 — Gluriosa .70,330 — Irldlflora Ehemannl 231 — Lorraine 70 —Maiden's Blush 70 —Marlborough, Duchess of 70 —Marlborough. Duke of 70 —Queen Charlotte 14 —Sunset 7u —Triumph 70 — Wlntzer's yellow 14 Canna roots over winter, keeping.. .... 102 Canna seed 40 Cannas 57,118 •Cannas, caladlums and zinnias 35 Cannas coming 70 Cannas for a vase 249 Cannas in the hot bed 231 Cannas, new 74 Cannas, wintered In cellar 08 Cannas, wintering 53 Canterbury bells 230 293, 310 321 Carllna acaulls 132 Carnation Society, American 154 Carnations 69 Carnations for the garden 321 Carnations, house for 57 Carnations, how to obtain early flow- ers from .123 Carnations, Marguerite 340 Carnations, means of propagation 339 Carnations, prizes for 59 Carnations, summer blooming 339 CarnatloDs, three best hinds for pots 123 Carnations which do best with us 57 Caryopteris Mastacanthus, 2, 11. 52,197. 252. "Caryota urens 131 Caslattorlbunda 299 Cassia marylandlca 40, 132, 377 Castor bean plant, African 101 Catalogues received 170.180,234 •Cattleya GaBkelliana alba 72 Catt eya TrlaL * HO Cattleyas f.0 Cattleyas. a year's 73 Ceanothus ovatus 281 •Cedar of Lebanon 05 Cedars, the three true 00 Cedars, three beautiful 270 •CelaBtrus artlcuIatuB 119 ♦Celastrus scandens 119, 180 Celery 00 Cellar.the 90 Certaurea amerlcana 24 CeatAurea cyanus minor or cornflow- ers 358 Centaurea macrocephala 201 Centaurea Marguerite 320.357 Centaurea Montana 32, 132. 29*1 Centaurea ruthenlca ;i7l Cent rant hus ruber 132 Centrosema grandlflora 230 Cephalarla tartarlca 213 Cephalotoxus 1177 Cerdsus Slebo'dl rosea pendula 243 "Cercldtph»llum japonlcum 135. 164 Cercls canadensis 282 Cercls japonlca 146, 197 Cherry, cornelian 24 Cherries 75, 107 Cherries, Japanese weeping 266 Cherries, tart 362 Chestnuts, sweet 268 Chllopsls linearis, varieties of 2 Chinese matrimony vine 119 Chokeberry. the 119 Chrysanthemum— Boehmer. Louts 92 — BlBhop, Mrs 93 — Chalfant. Clinton 93 — Columbine 92 — Dallledouze. Eugene 94 — DanlelB, Geo 92 — D-tvls.Cbas 74 — Fitzwigram. Lady 43 -Golden Hair 93 —Johnson, Miss M. M 43 —•Jones. Mrs. Jerome 86, 93 — Jullnda " 94 — KDowles.Eva 43 — McKinley, Maj 92 —Minerva 94 — MMntmort, Marquis de 43 — *Murdock. Mrs. S. T .si; —Octoroon 94 —Parker, Mrs. M. R .43 — Perrln, Mrs 94 — Philadelphia 43 — Rleman.H. W 43 — RotlnBon, Mrs. Henry 43 — ♦Ryerson. Mrs. Martin A *4 — Shrlmpton. J 92 -Smith. Edith 43 —VI viand-Morel 92 —Wedding. Golden 58 —West, Mrs. Geo 94 —•Western King S4 C hrysanthemums. —Anemone and pompon varieties 44 —Annual 4 —'Arrangement In Japanese style 82 —"As window plants 72 —Border, a 68 — ColorB decoratlvely considered 92 — ( uttlngs 168 —•Dwarf, single stem plants S7 —Early 59 —•Exhibition views Si, *85, ".12 —Grown In pots 43 —For the garden 180 —For amateurs 43 —•Group of Blngle stem 91 —List of mldBeason varieties 43 —Modes of culture for exhibition plants 44 —Mulching 12 —Newer 43 —Pinching tff shoots 44 —Repotting 44 — Varieties beBt suited for bench plants 44 —•Vase of long stemmed 87 Chrysanthemum frutescens .122 Chrysocoma llnoByris 360 Cimlcifuga racemoBa 300 Cinerarias 11 , 108 Cinerarias for Easter 139 Clstus laurifollus 107 •Cladrastls lutea 98 Clematts, cut them back 147 Clematis Davidlana 300 Clematis flammula 22, 23, 24, 134, 374 Clematis tor veranda decoration 200 Clematis graveolens 23. ^225 Clematis Henry! 36.54, 134 Clematis Integrifollavar. Durandl90. , 270 •Clematis. Mme. Edward Andre 277, 330 Clematis panlculata 4, 7. 21, 23. 24, 30, 38. 151. 200. Clematis panlculata for covering deadc trees 166 Clematis panlculata to cover fence 74 Clematis, support for climbing 282 Clematis recta 213 Clematis, varieties of 117, 227, 230. 24m, 270. 346. Clematises In the garden 35 •Clerodendron Bungel fcetldum .. 25,377 Clethra alnlfolla ., {97 Climbers for eastern and and western ' exposure 377 Cceioygnes m Cold frames 57. 72, 103. 179. 331, ;w Coldplts 313 Columbine, Rocky Mountain blue 23 Columbines 290 Conifers, Pacific 50 Cooperla Drummondll 338 Coreopsis, a golden glory •%> Coreopsis grandlflora 314. 376 Coreopsis lanceolatn 89, 314, 375 Corn, early golden yellow 14 Cornus alba 100 Cornus Mas 354 Cornuses 24. 52. 120 Coronllla varia ....322, '337, 341 Cosmos blplnnatus 87 Cosmos, notes on 3, 10. 21, 22. 298 Cosmos, yellow 70 •Corypha umbraculifera 213 Cotoneasters 24, 119 "Cowslip American 295 Crab. Bechtel's double flowering 186 Crab grass u •CrantBbill. wild 294 Crataegus pyracantha .....120 Crataegus slugs ., 26 Crlnums 22. 53 Crocuses 229 Crotons 39 Crotalarla retusa 42, 110 •Crozy. Antoine 170 Currant borer, the 251 Currant worm, the 207 Currants 60 Cycas revoluta, trouble with 379 •1 yclameo. progress of the 33 J Cyclamens 57, 123 Cydonlas 2 •Cymbidlum Lowlanum. 73 •Cypress at Dosorls, Chinese l •Cyprlpedium caudatura, forms of. . . .204 Cyprlpedium pubescens 274 Cyprlpedlums 00 Cytisus 57 Daffodils 4, 247 277 Dahlia society, American 30, 218 Dahlia, the 266 Dahlias 4, 40, 53. 231 Dahlias, list of gems 30, 200 Daisies 210. 258 Daphne cneorum 120. 243 Daphne genkwa 243 Daphne Mezereon .. 243,274 "Daturas, single white 2£6 Decoration, porch 23 Decumarla barbara 342 Delphinium, a creamy white 170 Delphinium chlnense 330 I )elphlnlums 3, 22, 150, 314, 310, 322. 358 Delphiniums, hardy 325 Dendrobes 356 Dendrnblum Phalaenopsls. 00 Designs, flower bed 26 Desmodlum pendulitiorum 24, 370 Deutzla crenata var. Pride of Roches- ter 36. 54 Deutzlas 2, 07, 146 Dlanthus, varieties of 332. 358 Dicentraexlmea 160 Dicentra Bpectabills alba 258 Dicentras 291 DIckBonla antarctica 184 •Dlctamnus, a hedge of 321 Dlctamnus fraxlnella 213, 295 •Digitalis ambigua 323 Digitalis, the 314, 310, 323 •Dlpladenla amabllls 19 * Dlpladenla prof usa 17 Dlpladentas 18, 27 Dodder, how to exterminate 380 •Dodecatheon Media 295 Dodecatheons, 150, 294 Dogwood, red and white forms 147 Dollchos japonlcus 168, 244 Doronlcums 279 Dracaena lndlvlsa for vase 249 Drive, laying out a 250 Easter, preparing for 138 Ecbinops .213, 888 Editor, resignation of 58 Eel worms, nitrate of Boda for Egandale. how thlngB wintered at Elder, sea Elm. American white EplloblumB Eplphyllums Eranthemum macrophyllum Eranthls hyemalis Eremurus robustus •Erica Cavendlshll Ervngiums Erythra?a diffusa Erythronlums Eucharls amazonlca •Eulalla gracllllma unlvlttata Euphorbias Euonymus alatuB Euonymus radlcans. . . Evergreens Exochorda grandlflora — Exotic plants In homes, out favorite •Exposition at Hamburg, Germany, . 24 .... 50 359 ItS 56 215 . 1 52. '-".to 331 .213, :w< . . 300 .246, 273 , 56 .... 273 ....38.56 87 52.138 52. 121 50 97. 135. 166 " 122.274 378 .347 Heating a room for plants 345 j Heating a small greenhouse 155J 345 Hedera Uellx var. (treelvyi — 26 ■Hedge of Berberis Thunbergll 353 'Hedge of Crimson Ram bier roBes.... .357 •lilac AlphonseLavallee 2M •Lilac Charles X 292 •Lilac common white 293 "Lilac Condoreet ... 298 Lilac Frau Bertha Dammann 290 •Hedge of IMctamnus 321 * Lilac Japanese tree Helenlumautumnale 36 " Heliotropes 22 Hellebores 24' H-llanthemumsof the vulgare varle- :;t;; ties ■ 132 Hellnnthusannuus 8!) HellanthuB Maxlmlllanl 4. 22 Hellantbuemultltiorii8fl.pl 89. 374' Hellanthus. varieties of the 375 Hellopsls Pltcherlana 5,90,132 Heliotrope hurt by tobacco smoke 139 Hemerocalllsfulva 322 Hemerocallis Thunbergll 338 Hemerocallls, varieties of 295 Hepatlcas 278 Heracleum glganteum 201 Heracleum lanatum 180.314 1 Lilium auratum Lilac llutira Trlanonlana 291 Lilacs 146 289 •Lilacs, a belt in Arnold Art>oretum...239 Lilies i. 823, 346, 375 Lilies, auratum and others, protecting 09 Lilies, calla 57 Lilies for Decoration Day Hit Lilies, garden 315,322,338,376 Lilies grown In clumpB.... 70 Lilies, hardy 152 Lilies, how we grow 70 Lilies In fall, planting pond 25 Lilies in Japan 106 Lilies, pot up j our. .... 26 Lilies protected In winter, candtdum. . *>. Lille *. speciOBum. 3.22 105. 358 -Fairmount Park, Phlla.. view In .23 •Fatslaor Aralla papyrlfera e -,-4j!a Fern bed, a 54. f*g •Fern, stag's horn.... •■ lw Fern, the Boston «J%S2 Fern, the ostrich *»*■ A \* "Fernery at Lincoln Park 19 Ferns, list of at Lincoln Park 20 Ferns, tall growing hardy 2<5 Ferns, tree. ... 184 Fertilize the flowers . ■•••■•■••■1| Fertilizers 25 lot,, 250. 283 Flcus elastlca propagation of 13J Fir, Nordman's sliver 68 Floral story, a... «" Flower garden In winter, my . M Flower garden the 3. 20. 36. 52. 6. . St.. 101. 114. 130 149. 761. 178.197 213. 225. 246. 257, 273.293 314 821.337.357.374, Flower garden , the English 42 Flowers, battlefield.. 312 •Flowers In the house 1*4. Flowers, midsummer ^26 Flowers, notes on new '0 Flower, our nation's 108 Flowers, procession of the 2o4 Flowers, spring - *-9 Foliage p ants in the flower garden. . ..39 •Foliage plants. sub-Irrigated bed of... 279 Forget-me-nots 246, 258, 314, 315, 332 Fontanesla Fortunel V.V'W - Jn ForsythUB 243, 2o8, 2b0 Fothergllla alntfolla 261 •Foxglove, perennial yellow _. .323 Foxgloves ■». 1* Freeslas l4rf - J3M Freesia Lelchtlinl major 296 FTitiliarlaB <■» Fruit culturlst. American L0 Fruit garden, the 12. 28. 60. 75 91. 107, 123, 171. 187 204. 250, S66, 281, 316, 347, 362. Fruit tree borers vv-v-JS Fruit trees 75, J87. 250, 261, 2b, Fruits. Russian tree - - • .75 FrultB. small 2ol, 20..3<8 Fuchsia Riccartonl, hardiness of 316 Fuchsias In summer 260 FunklaB *>38 "Garden, a back yard 22o Garden. Boston public 20 •Garden, in a California 89 Garden my - 4 \ t ?I Garden that 1 love, the .-140 Garden, the wild 42, 6S Garden today, our — 22 Gardening at Egandale, wild .2io Gardening, cottage 152, 19. Gardening In Nebraska 230 Gardening in Texas -181 Gardens, old time — 140 Gasterla maculata 299 GeniBta— cytlsua 57 Gentlana crinlta 69 "Geranium maculatum 294 Geraniums 10, 56, 123. 167 Geraniums, list of Ihe best 200 Geraniums new o Gesnera zebrlna dUcolor 123 Ginkgo blloba 136 Ginkgo tree, the 51 Geums 149 Gladioli, wintering o3 Gladiolus brenchleyensis 33$ GladloluB Chlldsll 7, 338 GladloluBfor Decoration Day 140 Glazlne for greenhouses, double 218 Globularia trichosantha ...149 •Gloxinias 359 Gloxinias for Easter -- 139 Gloxinias treatment of 19 244 Gokienrods 3 22.380 Gooseberries 60. 124, 281, 379 Grafting fruit trees 123 *Grape being grown In pot for table center piece 249 Herbaceous border, preparing 131 •H rbaceoua garden, Lincoln Park. Chicago 104 Herbaceous plants, dividing hardy — 2i8 Herbaceous plants for dry situations. 130 Herbaceous plants for low and damp borders 164 Herbaceous plant notes. 227, 359, 375 HeBperlsmatronallBti. pi.. 103. 261, 295. 316 Heteromeles arbutl folia Heuchera sangulnea 61 "tblsbus Hibiscus for low borders .... Hickory bark borer Holly Home of Mr H. C. Burrows ..354 132, 295 278 .... 164 . . 372 66, 119 33 Hollyhocks 4, 316 . . 343 ..24, 147 .... 326 Honeysuckle, Chinese Honeysuck e. Hall's Honeysuckle, the wild — Horse chestnut leaves burning Hotbeds 154 Howea Belmoreana 122 Hyacinths for Easter. Dutch 139 Hyacinths.. 18:246 Hyaclnthus candlcans 231, 338 •Hydrangea otaksa L61. 186 Hydrangea paniculata 2. 26 •Hydrangea paniculata grandlflora 3, 87, 101. 136. 165. 353 Hydrangeas 10. 53 Obltuary-Phlllp Wtckens 234 Obituary— RobertDouglas 299 (Enothe'ra frultlcosa major (F.oothera Lamarcklana 322 tEnotheras 132 Oleander, scale on 222 Oleanders, treatment of 21 Ompbalodes verna 27'.' Onion cutworms 286 Onion seedlings Indoors 76 Orange, Otahette and lilies 220 •Orchid, a white flowered 72 Orchid noteB 20 57.60,72,187, 152, 261. 355 •Orchid, the dove 151 Orchids a dozen eaBllv grown 355 Orchids, mimical 78 Orchids, potting material fur 20 Orchids, temperature for 00 Ornlthogalums 273 Osmunda regal! s 326 Oemundas 276 Hydrangeas, care of. . Hypericum aureum Hypericum Moserlanum ..11,25.69, I Iberls Bempervlrens 274 I lex vertlcillata 24. 52, 99. 118 Insects destroying our ornamental and Bbade trees 147 , Inula glandulosa 132,150 360 Inula hlrta 132,150 Inula macmcephala 360 Ipomea. "Heavenly Blue" 106. 1-6 Iris Hispanlca 314 IrlB, Japan or Koempfers 4 Iris K'^mferl for low places 164 ♦Iris Koempferl In bloom, a field of — 163 Iris Monn'eri 322 Iris slberlca 2,16 •Iris the English 130 Irises 104, 162, 258. '279 . 295. 315 Irises, the oncocyclus 104 Ilea vlrglnlca 52, 197 Ivy, the tree Lillum candldum diseased 330 •LUlum elegans var. erectum 322 Lillum glganteum 150 LlllumUenryl 360 Lillum tenulfollum 296 Lillum Wallacei s,; Lily bulbs, monster auratum 22 Lily disease 70 •Lily of the valley, a bench of 57 •Lily of the valley, a pot of 56 •Lily of the valley, foiclng 56 •Lily, the Peruvian — 52 Llly. torch or flame flower 42 Llnarlas 132 Liaden American 51 •Linden weeping 210 Llnums 56, 89, 274, 315, 31 Llquldamber styraclflua 68, 18: Llrlodendron tuliplfera 136, 146 Lobelia cardlnalls 67, 100, 154 Lobelia compacta 358 Lobelia Gheradl 260 i obellas 68. 150. 164 I •Log house at Highland Park, the 278 •Lomceras. belt of In Arnold Arbore- tum 328 Lonicera Hallesna. hardiness of 261 •Lonicera Morrowll 329 Lonlceras, varieties of 24, 120. 180,232 247 Lotus Pelyorensls 36 Luplnus polvphvllus 29o Lvchnls varleitesof B8, 90, 149, 294, 295, 314, " 3t!0 Lyslmachla clethroldes 164 Lythrum sallcarla 322 M Magnolia consplcua 243 Magnolia grandlflora 120, 342 lxlas 19 Mignonette Magnolia ubovata 243.261 Magnolia Soulangeana 9S, 243 M agnolla stellata 232. 2 17 Magnolias 07,165.196 338 Malvti moschata •• 338, 360, 3,4 Manure, old welt rotted cow. Manurlal water Maples - Maples. Japan 24.49, Marguerites or Paris daisies. Marigold:* Meadow Beauty Mealybugs remedy for 1 •Melia Azedarach var 211 Melons, how I grow greenhouse. 2. Mertensla vlrglnlca 150, 248, 258, 294 13S 50 102. 165, 262 123 ...4, 70 358 24 lxias in a cold frame. . 331 .10, 155 Jadooflbre <4 Japan, notes in 106 •Japan, view In one of the larger gar- dens 107, Morning glories Japanese floral art 29* , Ml ,i chlnK .. Japanese gardens 106, - •Japanese flower seller, a 234 MaBmloe. Confederate 132 Jasmlnum grandltlorum 10' Jasminum hlrsutum 56 Judas trees : — 261 1 Juneberry the dwarf 347, 378 •Juniper, DouglaB' golden 66 Junipers 50 JuniperuB sablna 10o Kalmla cuneata i : > Kalmla latlfolla 4. 66 Kentla Belmoreana 122 Kerosene emulsion 184 Kerosene killing treeB 100 Kerrla. variegated 24 Knotwood or Sacballne, giant 238 'Lachenalla NelBoni 262 La»llas Mignonette for Easter 139 Mlmuluscardinalls »« Mlna sangulnea . — 186 Miscellaneous notes *0b Mitchella repens ■ • • • • Jg Monarda dldyma l.ii.Mi Monarda flstulosa .,,-^v v^W •£'- Montbretias. 22, 53, 360, 37.i 277 Mu scar tin variety, the 246 Mushroom bed over-dry 126 Mushroom spawn 142 Mushrooms, diseased iua Mushrooms, early 60 Mushrooms, growing In summer 28 Mushrooms in a basement 108 Mushrooms in cow manure, growing .3Un Mushrooms, raising '6. lUg M yosotlB - ■ - ■ - - ■ ■# i Myrlophvllum prosperlnacoldeB. ..181, 21, Myrtle •••• i9 ( N Narcissus bulbs left in ground during . summer *"1 N arclssus for Easter io» Narcissus Her Majesty Z« Narcissus in variety -^8 Narc ssus minimus ■-;« Narcissus minor ~;j0 Narcissus, paper white » • ■ -Wg •Narcissus poetlcus 114, r <* 359 centerpiece..... ^ La-Has - -•;-■; x as turiluins as cut flowers 3o9 Grape vines, pruning . 171 Lftge rBtra?mla lndlca -. 2, "281 S^^Vurtluni^ double vellow flowered.. 26 Grape vines, watering greenhouse 12 | LaK erstromlas in the north .... ...2811 3"P^SS dwarf !..T 10 Greenhouse, a boys .1 T.«nrt*r:»np gardenlmz...34. 126, 134, 193,211, ""stiiri urn, uj*arL.. Grape vines, "watering greenhouse Greenhouse, a boy's *Greenhouse, a corner In an amateur s 71 Greenhouse, a small 203, 218 Greenhouse building 184 Greenhouse, beating -\ small 220 Greenhouse In Texas a 203 Greenhouse, the 10 18. 56. 71. 122, 138, lo5, 167. 184. 203. 21S. 2l4, 262 299, 330, 344, 356 *Gree> houses, an amateur's 244 Greenhouses drip In — 26 GreenhouseB today, our 5i Gunneras 201 GypBOphlla muralls 186 H Hamamells vlrglnlca 35, 330 *Hardy flowers and foliage, vase of — 102 Hardy plants superior to bulbous for borders 259 *Hardy tree and shrub bloom, vaBe of 98 Haworthia 299 •dawthorn, a recently transplanted large ..-13 Hawthorns 119, 170, 177, 280 Heather, Scotch . , 326 Lagerstromlas In the _ Landscape gardening. ..34, 126, 134, 133, 211, 241. 354. Lantanas -£* Lathyrus latlf ollus -322 "Lapagerlas, a cluster of rosea and alba .- ** •Larch, Chinese golden 49 Larkspur and balsam seed »■■■_] Larkspurs, hardy * *». *>* Latanla borbonlca. ..... ... - ■ . ■ •■•■■■■ • ■ 1 ~" •Laurels on estate of H. H Hunne- well Lawn sprinklers Lawn, top dressing for. 10 lot; 114, 181, 204 119 .21 Hi .147 Leaf feeders.... Leaf mold to retain moisture 24 Leather flower iClematlB viorna) i Lenarla delmatlca «" Leophyllum buxlfollum jg* Lespedeza bicolor Wt'ma Lespedeza Sieboldll ~^. <»" Lettuce planU ™ Leucolum *stivum 5^ Leucolum vernum Llbonta Penrhoslensts Llgustrum Ibota ...123 . . .278 Nasturtium, dwarf Nasturtiums, Lobr •Nelumbtan speclosum . . . Nemopanthes canadensis. Nephrolepls exaltata Bostonlensls. •Nlcotlanaaffiola - Nicotlana follus varlegatus 106 Notes and comments. -;*' Nurserv stock, reliable.. :l"*L"™ Nurserymen's catalogues afl text bookB 202 Nut culture ™J Nut culturlst ™ •N vmplupa Greyre ■■ • • ■ ■ {•; Nymphica Marllacea chromatella 114 Nymphajazanzlbarensia azurea Nympbieas Nympha'as from Beed 204 111, 1M raising 26 Oak. scarlet Oak, Buccesnful trans Oaks and chestnuts. large ...» Oak trees, protecting. Obltuarv— John Saul. 51 r of the.. .178 re-lnvigorating 292 151 282 Ourlsla cocclnea 150 Oxalis floribunda. 260,261 Oxails rosea ....*. 260 Pseonies 323 161 Pieontes, herbaceous •Pas jnles on the lawn, grouping 340 Pseonies, Bingle 274 •Paponv. wire staked 341 •Palm in Ceylon, fish-tailed 131 •Palm of Ceylon, great fan 213 Palm leaveB. preserving sago 1 Palm, sago 1M Pandanus, utllus 122 Pandanus Veltchil 39, 122 Pansles 40, 332 Pansles and forget-me-nots .258 Pansies for Decoration Day 140 Pansles in frames 2-17 Papaver orlentalls 67 Pu pavers 258, 274 Papvrus antlquorum 181 Pardanthus japonlcus 374 Pardanthus Blnensls 359 Park and out door art association 318 Park, the ideal superintendent •Parrot's feather, the 216 Parsnip, the cow ]so Parsnips 00 Partridge berry vine 55 Paulownla ImperlallB 101 Passiflora Pfordtll 231 Pavla macrostachya 326 •Pea In wild garden, everlasting 274 Peach borers 124 Peaches 75,107 Peanuts at home 26 Pear tree blight. 250 Pears 12.75 Pears for the garden, standard 204 Pears, the Kiefler and Le Conte :*47 Peat moss 364 Pelargoniums for Easter. 139 ' Pelargoniums, Bhow 262 Pentstemon pubescene 312 Penlstemons — 4, M01 Perennial spiing flowerB 247 Perennials, a Iibl of hardy 69 Perennials and annuals 151 Perennials for bedding, dwarf 3)8 Perennia s for cut flowers, hardy 55 Perennials from seed ...150 'Perennials In Falrm jnt Park, hardy . 89 Perennials, lifting and dividing ...22.231 Perennials to precede bedding plants 2.V.* Perlploca grieca 166, 278 "Peristerla elata. 151 Pelt'grew goes to Boston, supt 188 Phii.delphus coronarlus 177 *PhlladelphusLemoiot;l Avalanche... 177 Phlox dlvarlcata 294 Phlox Drummondil. 359 Phlox subulata 258 PhloxeB 313,374 Phloxes, creeping 132 Phloxes perennial 4,6, 322 Phloxes, to bide their stems 70 ♦Plnviix canadensis 215 Ph sphoricacid as a ferti Izer 156 Pnoiioia serrulata 167, 354 Pbotlnla viilusa 281 Pbvilanthuses 39 Phvl.ocacius. 299 Physalii Franchetl 70 Pilocereus senilis 208 Pineapple, propagating the 26 Pine. Japanese umbrella' 75 Ptnetreea to 312 Pines, some uncommon 233 •Plan for a country place of 10 acres.. 211 •Plan fur a suburban lot 232x160 ft 134 •Plan fr grounds of six acres 354 Plantings, combinations of 20 Plantings, mask 350 Plant lore and garden craft of Shakes- peare 186 Plants, amusing Claim for 266 Plants for earl v spring 3o7 Plants for shadv positions, hardy 149 Plants for the greenhouse, early flow- ering J" Plants, hardy 151 Plants hardv In Minnesota 152 Plants In a dwelling, propagating 222 Plants In bloom April 15 24*. Plants in bloom May 1 857 Plants in bloom May lo 878 Plants In bloom June 1 295 Plants in bloom June 15 .>14 Plants in bloom July 1 .821 Plants In bloom July 15 337 Plants In bloom Sept. 8 3 Plants In cold frames *«0 Plants In landscape gardening, varie- gated 42 Plants of 1S95. new "«,"*« Plants on the lawn, specimen Ml, 213 Plants, questions about U Plants, staking tall growing ..^.. .. 88 Plants, treatment ot newly imported 2o0 Plants, watering 10 Plants, winter flowering for conserv- atory ,u Platycerlums •• tM '*™ Platycodon grandlflorum 90. 132, .i.u •Plum, doubie-flowerlng 1» Plumbago, the PolnBettlas ■ ■ •■•• Polygonum Baldschuanlcuni.. .. 154 Polemoniums 299 . 56 •181 ,298 Polygonum cusuidatum 214,377 Polygonum sacnallnense 238 Poplarmytbs 264 Popples, oriental 295, 316 •Poppy-plume 342 Potash makes begonias bloom L'3 Potato Bcab. prevention of 3b"2 Potentlllas 315 Preparing for winter and spring 54 Primroses, Chinese 59. 122 Primula stellata 90 *167 Primulas 69, 123, 199. 248, 258 274, 2?y Primulas, hardy 246 Privets 24 •Prospect Park, Phlla, views lu 193 Protection, results of Improper win- ter ....231 Protection, results of proper winter 183 Pruning evergreens too close 135 Prunus Davldiana 232 Prunus sinensis 274 ♦Prunus triloba 165 Prunus, varieties of the 98, 243 •Pseudolarix Kuempferi 49 Pulmonariaa 248 'Purple fringe tree ..118 Puschkinla llbanotlca 230, 247 Putty, removing 362 Pyrethrum roseum 154. 250. *309 Pvrethrum uliglnOBUm 4, 22, *182. 374 Pvrus arbutlfolla 119, 197 Pyrus japonlca 261 2*0 Questions, various ,..151, 199 Quince culture 58 Quince, Japan 2. 24 Quince, 'apan.afreak 66 Quince, the 188 Quince, variegated Japan — 21 'Radishes, onions, lettuce ana grapes ingreenhouse 247 Ranunculus. French .. 332 Ranunculus, the 162,164 Raspberries 316,3821379 Raspberries, fall bearing 347 Raspberry bushes, pruning 251 'Ra vena la mada^itscarlensls 152 Red spider, remedy tor 71 Retlnospora plumosa 278 Rhexla vlrglnlca 2* 'Rhododendron in bloom 198 Rhodudendron, the Queen.., 102 Rhododendrons, list of hardy 370 •Rhododendrons on estate of H. H, Hunnewell 369 Rhubarb 00 'RhUBCOtlnuB .118, 147, 154 Rhus Osheckl ... . . . 353 •Rbynocsperm um jasmlnoldes 132 Roblnla bisplda 197 Hi » bin la pseudo-acacia 138 •Rockeries 116 Rogleras 56 Root galls of cultivated plants W!6 Rosa centlfolla 138 Rosa luclda 197, 362 •Rosa luclda alba 306, 347 Rosa Mlcropbvlla 329 Rosa moschata 146 183. 202. 204 'Rosa multltiora japonlca, plant of 120 •Rosa multltlora japonlca, vase filled with 121 Rosa rugOBa. .'4, 25, 122, 136, 298, 309 •Rosa rugosa. a hedge of 338 RoBa rugosa calocarpa 106. 122 Rosa seilgera 12 105 278.309 •Rosaslmca 104. 122 Rosa splnoslsslma var. altalca .. .121, '306 Rosa Wlchuralana. 67. 105. 182, 309. 341 362 Rose— Boeile. Eliza 40 — Bougault. JameB 40 — *Carnot, Souv.du Pres 146, 380 —Clio 40 -Climbing Wootton 183, 1332 —Crawford, Mrs. H. Q-. Shannan. 41 —ChrimBon Rambler. ... 152,230,300.309 — Dlck-on. Margaret 41,300, 328 —Empress of China 231 -Garrett. Mrs Robt 309 — Glol re de Dijon 209. 231 . 2tso, 300 — Henon, Docteur 40 -Hill, Ladv Arthur 41 — Jacquemlm_t, Gen 40 —Jubilee 309 —Marchioness of Londonderry.... 300, 32s — Marntesse, Contess 105, 260, 300 — Moreau, Mme 41 — Partrizzl. Cardinal 1 40 -Paul's Carmine Pillar is:; , 314 —Pierre. Frere Marie 40 —Pink Roamer 133 — Reaal, Mme. Eugene 105 —Spencer 41 —'Sweet Briars, Lord Penzance's hybrid 183 ... 41 ed2:il — Van Houtte, Louis — Verdler, Souv. de Mme. Eugene. Roses— American Beauty, unprotected: —A plea for garden 306 t — A year's progress in 378 — * Bourbon and Bengal, a bed of 305 | — • Bridesmaid, cluster ol — ....361 i — *t herokee, the 104 1451 —Climbing 67.179.182j —Climbing Meteor needs protection.. .199 —•Crimson Rambler, a hedge of 357 —Fifteen choice 105 —For Cincinnati, hardy 11 —For summer use. 85 — For Washington, D. C 85 -Hardy 40, 151 — Houses, proper temperature for. 59 -Hybrid perpectual....4, 40.68,83. 179,230, -Hybrid tea 28. 179 I —In an old fashioned garden 198 | —In Canada 11 —Insects and diseases 3081 — Manda's hybrids 341 ' —'Moss, a climbing 146' —Moss, tlrre to prune 199. —My favorite hardv 41 -Notes on 300, 328 —Own root and budded 307 —Planting, time for 307 —Preparing beds for 83 — Proteclng tea 308 — ProttClion for 11. 86 — Pruning 84, 307 —Roses, single 105 -Soil and location 307 —Sweet briars 306 — Three recently introduced good gar- den 305] —Three varieties that do beBt In same temperature 57 —Varieties to plant 308 , —Wintering monthly 59 •Rose garden at Woods Hall, Mass — 209 , "Rose house of an amateur 245 Rose In history, the 234 \ RoBes and clematis in com blna< in... 84 •Rudbeckla laclnlata M pi., a bouquet of 117 •Rudbeckla laclnlata fl pi., a plant of 5 I RudbecWa laclnlata Golden Glow. .74. 330 , Rudbeckla Newmanll 371 •Rudbeckla purpurea 40. 374 Rudbeckla speclosa .4. 322 •Kudbecklas In the border 214 Rud becklas. varieties of 314 Ruel.la macrantha 56 Snowdrop, the 180 Soil around St. Paul 254 Soils 235 Solanum dulcamara 119 Solanum jasmlnoides 22. 122 Solanum Wendlandll 57,167. *344 ^olanums 299,350 Soloman's seal, false 316 Splrsea aruncua 321 Spiraea Bumalda 24, 70 •splnea tomentosa alba (White Plume) 149 Splra-a Thunberglt 46.258 Splnea Van Houtteil 136. "210, 293 Spirieas 2. 68, 229, 258 322 Splrieas for low grounds 164 Spiraeas, herbaceous 299 Spirifss. pruning 329 Spinach 60 Springfield. Mass , notes from 40 ^l-raying 317 Spruce, weeping 50 Squash, new Malta.... 14 Stachys I ami tu 132 Staking tall growing plant* 88 Stanhopeas 264 Staphyleas 197,280 Statlce latifolla 360 Stevias 123 •Stlpa pennata 90 Stocks 69. 315, 358 Stocks and asters, early 331 Straw berries 60 , 190, 3 16, 362 Strawberries, alpine 274 Straw oerries, setting out 316 Strawberries, worms on 316 Strawberry plants 267 Streilizlas 155 Streptocarpus. new hybrids of .123 Streptocarpus Wendlandll 71. 218 Strobllanthes bverlanus 40 Sweet William-" 3 4,315 StuartlaB. our native 292 Sty raxes, beautiful 292 •Sub Irrigated bed of foliage plants. . .229 •Sub Irrigation for foliage bed 228 •Sub-tropical effects 101 Sulphur, a new use for 184 sumachs, beautiful 373 •Swalnsonagaleglfollaalbi 10, 185 218 Sweet pea, Cupid 7.74 Sweet peas 40,140,266 Sweet peas, the newer 6, 10 Sweet peas up to date 170 Sycamore, or plane tree 51 Symphoricarpus l]y Symplocos cratasgoldes 280 ♦Syrlnga japonlca 343 Syrlnga vlliosa 136 Salntpaulla lonantna..... 90 Salvias, varieties of.... 4, 7, 68 296,360,375 wancnezla nobllls 39 Sangulnarla canadensis. 246 Sap In trees, flow of 100 Saplndus marglnatus . 281 Saxlf ragas 150, 248, 278 ScHblosa caucaslca 42,315 Scablosa caucaslca connata 315 Scale Injects 147 Scale, remedy for "1 SchlzostyllB cocclnea 55 123 Scladopitysvertlclllata 75 314 Scllla sloertca 230,210 •scorpion senna 36 Sedum spectabllls 4,374 Seeds of acorns and nut trees, sowing 158 Seeds, saving l.ts Seeds, sowing 167, 16s Seeds, starting flower. 161 Seeds to sow in Bummer 315 Senna, wild 46 Shrub-like herbaceous plants 376 -Shrubs and trees, labeling 166 Shrubs and treeB of the season, notes on £53 Shrubs and trees, questions about ... 3 Shrubs and trees, select 2 Shrubs and trees with co'ored twigs.. .100 •Shrubs and trees with showy fruit lis S rubs close to house 25 Shrubs every small garden should have four L46 Shrubs, experience with 146 Shrubs f\,r a small town lot 66 Shrubs for EaBter use. hardv 139 Shrubs for Bmall places 136 Shrubs, native 99 Shrubs, notes on, flowering 243 Shrubs, pruning 66, 329 Shrubs, seasonable ornamental 24 Shrubs, some desirable 196 Shrubs to flower earliest 232 Shrubs, variegated 24 Sldalceas 359 SUene Schafta? 359 Smilaclna racemosa 3it; Snowberry. the 119 'Snowdrop, KIwes giant 180 Tallnum crasslfollum var 40 •Tamarlx African* 98 Tamarlx amurensis 105 'Taxodlum dlstlchunr 2 Tecoma radlcans 180 Ttcomafrmlthll.. 167 Tecomas 372 lhallctruiii agulleglfolium 150 164 Thistles and other weeds, killing 358 Thrlps, remedy for 71 Thuja occidental^.. 50 Tbun bergla alata 200 Tltfridlas. wintering 53 •Tobacco as window plant, ornamen- tal 182 •Tomatoes In a greenhouse 247 Torenla Balllonl 3511 Tore- la Fournlerl 185 359 Traveler s notes, a 74 Tree, a choice small 2 Tree arch 35,66 Trees and fhrubs2 24.35.48.65.82 97,118, 135 146. 164. 177. 194, 210. 232, 242, 261, 279, 289 3111, 329. 342, 35 i. •Trees and shrubs, labeling 166 TreeB and shrubs of the seaBon, notes on 353 Trees and shrubs, questions about .... 3 Trees and shru bs, select 2 Trees and shru b, some uncommon... .280 Trees and shrubs, winter protection for 120 Trees and shrubs with colored twigs 100 TreeB. birthday 82 Trees lor street planting 50 Trees, Insects on 52 Trees, kerosene killing 100 Trees, notes abjut 83 Trees, planting 5) Trees, preparing large for removal S3. 311. Trees, protected In winter, voung 67 TreeB. pruning 66, 310 Trees, replanting space occupied by dead 232 Trellis, wall... 18] Trillium LTamlltiorurii 55.258,344 'Trillium, vagaries of the 297 Trllllums 294 Trltomas 360, 374 Tritomas In winter, to protect.. 11 Trltomas left In ground over winter 69 Tropical vegetation 130, 152. 213 Trumpetvlnes 372 Tuberoses 333 Tub* for plants, old butter 10 Tullpa Kaufmannlana 216 Tulip buibs. should they be left In ground all summer 261 Tulip tree In the south 262 Tulips 38,273.323 Tulips, choice 258 Turnips 60 Vanilla bean not a bean 137 Vanda cterulea .24,60.73 Vandaa 20 Vegetable garden, the .... 14, 44, 60, 76, 282 Vegetables, a talk about 282 Vegetables tor winter, storing 44 Vegetables underglass 59 VerbaBCums 274, 315 Verbena, lemon 341 Verbena venosa 314, 359 Verbena, wintering lemon 53 Veronica officinalis .312 Veronica splcata 374 Veronicas 56.295 Viburnum acerlfoltum ;>|2 Viburnum c tlnifullum 197, 354 'Viburnum prunlfollum 310 'Viburnum pubescens .311 Viburnum sleboidlanum 353 •Viburnum tomentosum 311 Vlournums 119.297,310 326 •Victoria Regla. house of 137 Victoria Regla. the pigmy 26. 43 Vines against a board fence 22 •VlneB. covering a chimney, annual .. 54 Vines for Minnesota 152 • Vines for veranda decoration 200 Vines not flowering 311 Vines, pruning 226 VineB, some desirable hardy 243 Vines to cover a board fence 179 Vines to cover dead trees 166 Viola cornuta 4, 274, 374 Vlulaodorata 203 Violet, dog's tooth 246 Violet Lady Hume Campbell 123 Violets 11, 248 Violets, new 57 Violets, weak 220 Vltex agnus-castuj 197, 353 VltlB Coignethe 149 W Waldstelnta fragarioldes 150 WaldBtelnla trlfolia 248 Wall flower, Parisian.. ^1 •Water illy pond 113 Water lilies 113 •Water lilies at Schenley Park, tropi- cal 137 Water lilies, soil for 114 Water lilies, treatment of 137 'Water Illy pond, bow to make 7 •Water Illy, leaf spot of 8 Water Illy Beedllngs 168 Welgellrts, variegated 24 Wel^ellas protected in winter 67 Winter berry, the... .: U9 Wintering tender plants without a cold frame 215 Wisterias 168. 178 Wltchbazel 58 Wood aBhes as a manure 260 Woodbine 165, 202. 249 •World's Fair wooded Island 241 Worm, green 298 Worms, thousand legged 348 Worms vs. f ertltlzer 7 Xanthoceras sorblfolla 42, [68 •Yellow wood In bloom 98 Yucca alolfolla 3 89 Yucca fllamentosa 24,67, •324, 346 * Yucca fl 1 f era 327 Yucca clorlosa 3, *325 Yucca Treculeana 3 Yuccas 86, 132, 324 Xephranthes rosea 338 Zinnia Haageana 4 Zinnias 4 359 Vol. V. 82.00 A YEAR. 24 Numbers. CHICAGO, SEPTEMBER 15, 1896. Single Copy 10 Cents. No. 97. THE "CHINESE ' CYPRESS AT DOSORIS. GARDENING. Sept. 15, Trees and Shrubs. THE SMALL-LEAVED OR "CHINESE" CYPRESS. This tree is a variety of our common bald cypress ( Taxodium disticbum) of the southern states and one ot the hand- somest of our hardy coniferous trees. Botanically it is generally known under the name of Glyptostrobus pendulus, but its proper name is Taxodium distichum var. microphyllum, and its garden name of "Chinese" cypress is, probably, a misnomer, as it is nothing more or less than a variety of our bald cypress; in fact, seedlings raised from seed of it are mostly the plain Taxodium disticbum. In a garden sense, however.it is a distinct and desirable tree of tall, straight, col- umnar form, and we can make good use ol it in various ways in planting. Ordi- narily it is slow growing, much more so than the plain cypress, still it soon rolls up foot upon foot and becomes a tree I'll to 30 or more feet high, and it is easy to transplant. Our illustration is engraved from a photograph taken ol one at Doso- lis a couple of years ago, and is a very truthful repiesentation of this tree. We never before appreciated the value of these cypresses, that is the different forms of the deciduous cypress, so much as we do now, for we find many large trees of them in Pittsburg, and they are by far healthier and bigger than any other conifers of any kind that we have seen in or about this city. Although in- digenous in wet swamps they thrive ad- mirably in our dry clay lands, and resist the evil effects of the pois nous murky atmosphere. The glyptostrobus in par- ticular bursts into leaf very late in spring, and some urge this as an objection to its use in planting, but we don't, we rather like it, it incites interest and gives us va- riety. A very graceful and rapid growing tree is the weeping deciduous cypress Taxodium distichum var. pendulum; in its young state it is quite peudulous, but as it advances in years it loses this droop ing form largely and becomes a good deal like a plain cypress. SEtECT TREES AND SHRUBS FOR THE MIDDLE SECTIONS OF THE SOUTHERN STATES. TWELVE BEST DECIDUOUS HARDY FLOWER- ING SHRUBS. Althiea frutexor Ros- of Sharon — The new dwarf growing varieties lately intro- duced from Europe are exceedinglv valua- ble, both in the profusion of their bloom- ing qualities and the variety of their colors, which include white, pink, purple, blue, red, violet, etc. Some flowers are variegated, others mottled, etc., and give a succession of bloom from Mav until September. Calycanthus pra;cox — a Japanese vari- ety of the well known sweet shrub. Flowers yellowish white with a delight- ful hyacinth fragrance; blooms very earlv in March. Caryopteris Mastacanthus, or shrubby verbena. Why called blue spiraea is a puzzle, as it has no affinity with the lat- ter class of plants. It is an exceedinglv handsome shrub during September and until frost. The flowers resemble those of the chaste tree (Vitex agnus-castus) but of a brighter azure blue, and fragrant. Chilopsis linearis or Texan flowering willow is a tall growing shrub with linear leaves and flowers in terminal racemes. Each flower is composed of a corolla - like tube divided afr-the end into-frre nicely crimped lobes; the tube is lilac in the typical variety, and the end of the corolla mottled deep lilac, with two vel- a low stripes in the center of tube. The flowers resemble somewhat those ot the snapdragon and the tree may not inap- pro priately be called "Tree Snap Dragon. ' ' The flowers are produced in the greatest profusion as early as May, and successive crops of them follow during summer and until autumn. There areseveral varieties lately introduced, such as C. linearis alba with pure white flowers, C. linearis lila- cina, with white tubes and lilac lobes. Cydonia (Pyrus) Japonica (Japan quince). We have now a large range ot colors in this old favorite early spring blooming shrub. The common red flow- ering variety is seen in almost every old garden, but the newer sorts are not as well known as they should be. Among the twenty or more varieties the follow- ing are the most conspicuous: Candida, white; cardinalis, vivid red; rubra plena, double red, macmcarpa, a pale pink find bears a large fruit much esteemed for jel- lies; rosea plena, double pink; umbilicata, pale flesh and valuable for its profusion of fruit; Mauleii, deep orange, and Simonii, dark crimson. Some of these varieties bloom during a period of six weeks and the fruit bearing sorts arc ex- ceedingly handsome when laden with their wax-like fruit during fall. Deutzias are among our desirable early spring flowering bulbs. D. Fortune! is the best single white, Pride of Rochester and crenata fl. pi. alba are the best double ones. Their period of blooming is during the latter half of March and until middle of April. Exoehorda grandi flora is a handsome shrub from northern China, and when it is covered with a myriad of pure white flowers during April it stands preeminent among spring bloomers. Lagerstrijcmia Indica (crape myrtle) is a magnificent tall shrub or small tree that has become naturalized throughout mam- sections of the southern states where it has found congenial conditions of soil and cli- mate. Dense thickets are often met within abandoned settlements and this shrub has become so common that its great value for ornamental planting seems to be ignored. The smooth glossy bark of the tree makes it a conspicuous one when denuded of foliage, but when covered with dense masses of blooms there is nothing that surpasses it in beauty. The flowers are nicely crimped, which givesthetn the name of "Crape myrtle," but why myrtle is another anomaly difficult tn explain. The colors usually found vary from a pale pink to a light purple pink, but the newer sorts, such as white and dark crim- son are surprisingly beautiful. What a wealth of material for the landscape architect in using the variously colored varieties for grouping. The flowering period extends from June until September. Spirsea. — Here we have the choice of va- rieties beginning to show their flowers as early as February during mild winters and of others which continue in constant bloom during summer and until cut off by the frost. All the spring blooming sorts yield white flowers, beginning with S. prunifolia or Ladies' Wreath, and fol- lowed by the double Reevesii. S. Thun- bergii is extensively used for low growing ledges; it also blooms very early. The best summer flowering sorts are the sub- varieties of callosa, such as alba, rosea, Bumalda and atrosanguinea, and of the thyrsoid section, Billardii, paniculata rosea, and Fortenaysii give a continuous crop of flowers. Ail the above mentioned shrubs require no special methods of cultivation, anj- good garden soil will give good results, nd besides this thev are able to with- stand our wannest as well as coldest weather. Punica or pomegranates. The double flowering varieties, such as red, while and variegated (Legrellii) are very hand- some shrubs for the middle sections of the south. They need protection north ol Atlanta. Hydrangea. — If planted in partially shaded places as on the north side of a '. uilding and given a rich soil we question if there are more desirable plants than Thomas Hogg, ramis pietis and Otaksa when in their profusion of bloom during May to July. Hydrangea paniculata is also an excel- lent plant for more exposed situations but is at its best in a rich and somewhat moist soil. P.J. BERCKMANS. Fruitlands, Augusta, Ga. WANTS A CHOICE SMALL TREE. Alldredge, Salt Lake City, writes: "I have a spot in my small lot where I would like to have a very choice small tree (not over 20 or 25 feet high at maturity), and would like you to help me to make a choice. I already have the weeping birch, Primus Pissardii, golden hop tree, Gin- nala maple, dwarf red maple and halesia, so would not care to use either of them. How about the kcelreuteria, Van Houtte's dwarf horse chestnut, Paul's thorn, large double-flowering almond or the English corkbark maple? Or would the maple colcbicum rubrum be hardy here? Or some of the hybrid magnolias?" Ans. The kcclreuteria would probably suit you admirably. We would try Mag- nolia hypoleuca because of its beauty and fragrant blossoms; true it will in time grow bigger than that, but when it gets to be 25 feet high you'll cut its neighbors down so that it may stand. The hybrid Magnolia Soulangeana would be good, and so would Pyrus malus floribunda or Pyrus Parkmannii. Colchieum maple is good looking enough in form, size, and foliage, but like other maples its fl >wers are not showy. If Paul's thorn thrives in your neighborhood, it in time is a beauty. The others named by you should be hardy with you. HYDRANGEA PANICULATA ORANDIFLORA. This handsome hydrangea is now a fa- vorite shrub in many gardens. The flower heads are composed of numerous, small star-shaped flowers intermixed with generally more numerous sterile ones, the latter about one inch in diame- ter. These are the ones we see unless upon close examination, and produce the general effect. The plant is perfectly hardy and will stand considerable abuse, but it responds so cheerfully to good treatment that it is a shame not to grant it. V\ hen planted it should be cut back on the past season's growth so as to leave only two eyes on the old wood, and each spring the same cutting back is ad- visable. Should one desire very large flower heads examine the shrub earlv in July and cut out all thin weak shoots, so as to allow full strength to the more vig- orous ones, and as the bloom heads ap- pear, give the plant diluted manure water once a week. Like nearly all Japanese plants it is fond of moisture. If large bushes are desired, cut back only one- third of last year's growth. To produce a standard plant three to four feet high, take a strong plant, place it in rich soil, cut it down to the roots, and allow onlv one stem to grow, staking it firmly to carry it up straight, and force it all "you can as this one year's growth determines iSg6. GARDENING. HYDRANGEA PANICULATA GRAND1FL0RA AT EGANDALE. the height of" your standard. When win- ter comes pla~e manure around the roots thickly, not so much for protection as to enrich the soil. For many yenrs after commencing a bed with young plants Lilium umbella- tum can be grown between them with effect. Plant the hydrangeas four feet apart, and run lines of this lily in between them, making small groups in the more open space. The lilies come up and bloom before the hydrangeas interfere with them. When through blooming cut back the lily stems a little, and the branches of the shrubs soon hide them. This lily is hardy and stands this treatment well. Hydrangea blooms cut about September 20 and hung head down on a line, in some dry place, make fine winter bouquets. Make two cuttings, say ten davs apart, as they may not be 'just right" the first time; strip off the leaves from the stem before drying. W. C. Egax. scarlet fruited thorn, cockspur thorn, bird cherry, large -flowered mock orange, single flowered althaeas, high bush cran- berry, lilacs, and others will thrive there well enough. QUESTIONS ABOUT TREES AND SHRUBS. Please answer the following queries and much oblige C. H., Roxbury, Mass. Large shrubs in front of trees. — "Will you please name some large grow- ing shrubs, or small trees of low branch- ing habit, that would be likely to grow about fifteen feet, to the south east of some large trees, (a sycamore maple, black walnut, and tulip). They would get the morning sun; soil is pretty dry. They could have an occasional watering " .4ns. Lots of them will grow there but it depends upon the treatment you give them how well or how long they will grow there. You know most all big trees are great robbers and send out their roots in search of food and moisture far and near, even to the spots occupied by your near- by large shrubs, the latter starving in proportion. Dig the ground three feet deep, remove the poor soil and replace it with good earth, and in summer time instead of an occasional watering give thorough soakings The flowering dog- wood, shadbush, black haw, koelreuteria, NOTES ON yUCCflS. The superb picture of Yucca Treculeana and Mr. Berckman's notes on yuccas in your issue of September 1, interested me greatly. Mr. Berckmans suggests that owing to its robust character Yucca Tre- culeana can doubtless be cultivated farther north than any species of the arborescent type. I trust this may be so and will try it. Yucca aloifolia, which he describes as the hardiest of the arbore- scent species has not proved so with us on first trial, but another one is about to be made. The only arborescent yucca hardy here is gloriosa, and this is per- fectly so. It has been in cultivation about this city for at least ten years to my knowledge, and it has never been winter killed or injured. It is peculiar in its late flowering habit. The panicle does not make an appearance until some time in September, and progresses so slowly that freezing weather has always overtaken it before the first flowers expand. This behaviour puzzles me, as I have seen it in England flowering profusely in midsum- mer. Yucca aloifolia has not stood our winters so far, but another trial shall be given it. What it wantsis nodoubt, pro- tection for a year or two until the roots are well down in the soil. May I add my thanks for the splendid number you gave us in the issue of September 1 just received? It is beautiful and instructive from begin- ning to end. J. Meehan. Philadelphia. Yucca Treculeana is hardy in the Carolinas — Prof. Massey of Raleigh writes: "I have a fine clump of Yucca Treculeana on my lawn that has passed through the severe winters of ISO.'i and 1894; the lowest point reached here was 4-° above zero, our usual lowest is about 18° above. This yucca bloomed in Ra- leigh yards this summer, but mine has not yet flowered. One plant of it that th • owner carefully stripped of the ripe leaves that hung around the stem was cut to the ground by the cold of '93, while plants where the old leaves were allowed to remain undisturbed survived." The Flower Garden. FLflNTS IN BtOOM SEPTEMBER 8. Although it is now well into September and the nights are quite cold, the garden is quite gay with flowers. Most of the early sown annuals are past, but thelatcr sown ones are still quite good. Among the showiest things we have in flower are the speciosum lilies. What a nice show they make when grown in large clumps! This lily is easy to manage and sure lo g ow and quite hardy. L Leichttinii is si ill giving a few flowers, and it comes in when most other lilies are past The Japanese anemones are in fine blossom and they have bloomed a good deal earlier this year than they did last sea- son. They were just opening their first flowers last year when they were cut with frost, but we will have most of the flowers open by that time this year. These anemones are very fine for cutting and they last quite well in water. The cosmos are giving us lots of flow- ers; they are earlier this year than last, when they did not open their flowers till the 25th of September and just about that time they were cut with frost. Delphiniums from seed this sprin i are now in bloom, and what a fine strain of them we have! The seed was got from l.emoine of France; it pays to get the best seed for then you are sure to get something good. The goldenrods are making quite a show now. Grow a few varieties oi them and plant them in some shady nook. GARDENING. Sept. 13, The zinnias are one of the showiest an- nuals we have in the garden, and they will continue to be so till cut by frost. The marigolds, both French and African are still good. The China asters are past their best. The hardy perennial asters are in fine form and come in very handy for cut flowers. The miniature sunflower is one of the best of the genus. It comes into flower early in the summer and lasts till frost cuts it. Begonia Vernon, both red, pink and white is flowering nicely. Some of our plants are giving us flowers as large as some of the tuberous begonias. We are to grow a great many of them next year. Rudbeckia speciosa is still in good flower; it has been in bloom mostly all summer and is quite showy. The dahlias are now at their best; they have grown very rank, caused by having so much rain. The annual gaillardias are in fine flower; they bloomed well all summer. The perennial phloxes are now giving a good second crop of flowers. The plants have got too large and we have marked all of the best ones and will divide them up next spring. Phloxes should be divided up and re- planted about every three or four years. A stock of them is easily got up in this way. Sedum spectabile is a fine perennial; it comes into bloom so late in the season. Although sweet alyssum rotted out badly with the late heavy rains it started to grow again and is now in one mass of flower. Hollyhocks planted last spring are in flower, but we are much troubled with that leaf disease, and when the leaves are all marked up so it detracts from the beauty of the plants. Zinnia Haageana is still in flower, although its blooms are smaller than those of the other zinnias they are more lasting. The annual chrysanthemums are get- ting a little ragged, still there is quite a lot of flower on them. The calendulas are much the same; they are past their best, but they will give us fine flower till cut by sharp frost. Petunias are in fine flower and very showy. Venidium calen- dulaceum is in fine flower and quite showy. Salvia splendens is at its best and what a showy plant it is! Campanula pyramidalis is also fine. The wet season rotted a good many of them, but we have got a good stock of them from seed and will give them a more exposed place next year. Clematis panic- ulata is in fine flower. We have it grown over the thatched roof of the little cot- tage, and it does very well there, although it gets a little winter killed on the roof. Pyrethrum uliginosum is still in good bloom and helps us out greatly. Tuber- oses are beginning to open their flowers; they are not liked by many on account of their strong smell, but we like them and I grow a few of them every year. Pent- stemons from seed sown this spring are in good flower and showy. They some- times prove hardy, but it is well to put in cuttings of the best of them in the fall and winter them in a cold frame. Heli- anthus Maximiliani is beginning to flower and will keep on till frost. A number of other sunflowers are also in flower and help to make the garden gay. The scabiosas are in fine bloom and make nice cut flowers; they bloomed all summer long. Viola cornuta, both blue and white is still in full flower; it bloomed all sum- mer, too. Dwarf nasturtiums are in one mass of bloom and they are fine for cut- ting. H. P. roses are giving quite a lot of flower; they did not bloom much in the hot part of summer, but they are now making up for it. The H. P. roses that are giving a few flowers are Mrs. John Laing, Magna Charta, and Captain Christy. David Fkaser. Mahwah, N.J. MY GARDEN. To nothing does Franklin's proverb apply more sharply than gardening: "Experience keeps a dear school, but fools will learn at no other." Instead of buying wisdom with the experience of others I bought it with my own, for ex- perience will make even the obstinate wise. I was ten years learning what I might have learned in two for very much less money. I have therefore respect for the judgment of every grower in trade or for pleasure, and the respect increases in proportion to his skill and experience. I learned that a hardy perennial garden was more interesting and instructive and cost immeasurably less than an annual garden, and that hardy perennial gardening mildly tempered by annual gardening was the wise thing for an amateur of moderate means. COW MANURE ENRICHETH THE SOIL. My soil was a fine sand and I made it heavy and rich by the addition of cow manure, and to prevent it drying out I covered every bed with several inches of cow manure spread in the fall, and I prefer fresh to well rotted manure when put on just before winter, as the winter snows and frosts prevent it injuring even such capricious shrubs as rhododendrons. DAFFODILS. I planted the edge of beds and all the front openings between herbaceous and shrub plants with daffodils, Von Sion, Emperor, Horsfieldii and, to my mind the most striking, Golden Spur. These adapt themselves splendidly to the situation among other plants and increase, Von Sion the most, Horsfieldii the least. This gives me alineof gold through my garden and is the sunrise of the growing year. The poet's narcissus and crocus in varietj' I plant by the thousand in the grass, but the mowing of the lawn cuts them down before the bulbs are sufficiently ripened and weakens them, and in spite of every- thing they die out, but they are now so cheap they should berenewid. A planta- tion of narcissus in variety should be in every garden, for they are beautitul and such early risers after the long night of the winter. AZALEAS. Among the plants that stand highest in my estimation are the azaleas, the native as well as the Ghent and mollis hybrids. The earliest flowering of the natives is also one of the most beautiful. Vaseyi; a deep moist soil will force its growth, and while I find it doing splendidly under the trees it grows luxuriantly in the open ground. Its large pink flowers cover it before the foliage appears. Nudiflora and arborescens are interesting, but calen- dulacea, the "flame flower," is the hand- somest of all the native azaleas, while viscosal like for its honey odorand its tall growth. I find all these varieties will bear anything but drouth, and with a l.beral dressing of manure and a damp soil some of my plants have made three feet of growth this season. But these native varieties, beautiful as thev cer- tainly are, must give way to the aristo- cratic hybrids, which, to my mind, are equal to the Chinese in abundance of flowers, superior in variety and extent of color and of course more valuable to the amateurs because of their absolute hardi. ness. Sometimes a severe winter has killed the buds on wood that ripened late, but I have never lost a p'ant by frost. I prefer the mollis species because of its large flower. Theirgrowth is more regular and shapely than the Ghent. I have never detected perfume in the mollis, though I believe f^w of the Clients are without it. I am considered an azalea crank, for I have Anthony Waterer's entire collection, and of all kinds have about four hundred plants in my little garden, and from the pace of the increase now in a few 3 - earsthey will over-run me. I nip out the seed pods; cut out weak growth and prune for shape, in fact give them the same careastherhododendrons. Among the azaleas as well as among other shrubs I have planted lilies by the thousands. In fact I have strung my garden on a chain of lilies from the coral lily tenuifolium, flowering May, to the beautiful speciosum flowering September and October. Why is it that all the lilies without color iauratum excepted) thrive so with us while the white and fragrant, including auratum, deteriorate? As I like abundance of flower I planted lilies too thickly among the azaleas and the lilies killed a number of small plants. I shall clear my azalea beds of all but atira- tuni and longiflorum. I obscved in Mr. Hunnewell's garden the superbum was largely planted among rhododendrons, a most suitable situation because of it« tnll growth. I had one plant ten leet this its second year. My observation is that all the colored lilies, by that I mean su- perbum, Canadense, elegans, Martagon, Wallace!, tigrinum, Pomponium, mona- delphum, pardalinum, grow stronger, taller and more floriferous each year. Wallacei distances everything in my garden for "multiplying and replenishing the earth." I planted fifty bulbs last year and there were certainly 300 plants in flower four weeks ago. KALMIAS. Of the glory of the rhododendron I have already written. Fol owing the rhodo- dendron, and certainly the handsomest of native shrubs, was a plantation of 200 Kalmia latitolia. These were seedlings from Waterer's Nurseries and I planted them in soil from the woods, largely leaf mould, and then put several inches of old manure on the top. Although more than a month "on the road" they flowered finely, man}' plan s being one great white bouquet, and all have made from three to twelve inches of wood. I had planted 100 plants bought from a native nursery, which instead of being seedlings were transplanted from the woods. In spite of the greatest care I lost almost half of them, and have not above five specimens. It is astonishing how rarely^ you see the kalmia in gardens. When established it is much hardier and more easily managed than the rhododendron. It is entirely free from any pest whatever, while the saw-fly has been singularly active this year with my rhododendrons. The kalmia flower is to my mind the daintiest of the whole floral kingdom. The foliage is rich and it is less likely to drop it than the rhododendron. All it demands after being properly planted is water. |AI'AN OR KCEMPFER'S IRIS. The most enchanting bed in my garden this year was a hundred plants in nearly the same variety of the Japanese iris. They were imported for me from Japan, as I was determined to get as nearly complete a collection as possible, anil they are growing in Japanese mud. I i8g6. GARDENING. RODBECKIA LACINIATA PL PL d ug out the soil two feet and put two feet of oak leaves in the excavation and put good soil on top. I was able to get in 14- or 16 inches of soil as the leaves sunk under the weight of the soil. The leaves held the moisture in the light soil with- out souring it. The bed was sunk several inches below the surrounding ground, and during and before the time of flowers I kept the soil soaked with water. In this way I got the largest flowers I have ever seen, It is needless to say I put fully six inches of fresh cow manure on top last fall. I also did what would have killed anything but the iris, covering the bed in the spring with chicken manure. The iris family are all interesting and beautiful and easily grown, but no one ever stood before a well grown bed of Iris Kccmpferi in flower without Leing rilled with wonder and admiration. JAPANESE ANEMONES. My garden is now preparing for its last effort in hardy perennials. A bed of 200 plants of Japanese anemones is already showing flower, and they will bloom'until the frost lays its fatal blight on all outdoor vegetation. I planted them in the light soil of my garden and in a shaded position. They made large plants and many buds, but small and few flowers. They are vigorous looking this year and loaded with buds, and unless they showgreatimprovement over last year I will transplant them to a sunny position and heavy soil. My garden though but four acres is heavily wooded with forest trees, and I am striving to have the forest and garden. ANDROMEDA ARBOREA. I have five small trees of Andromeda arborea in flower and the long white honey-scented spikes of flowers with the beautiful tints of young ioliage together with the red autumn color make this a very beautiful tree. Why is it not more grown? pitcher's heliopsis. Let me say a word before closing ot Heliopsis Pitcheriana. It has been in flower seven weeks without any intima- tion of tiring and is the most constant piece of yellow in the garden. The man who undertakes to garden without water and cow manure will find '"love's labor lost." John Marron. Sewickley, Pa. GOLDEN GLOW GONEFLOWER. (Rudbeckia laciniata Uore pleno.) This is one of the forms of our western wild plants, belonging to the same genus as our black-eyed Susan, but it has so changed the character of its cone, that it now gives us a most lovely double chrys- anthemum-like decorative flower of a pure yellow color, and about three inehes'in diameter. Some say it looks like a yellow aster of the Semple's branching type. I imagine that this flower will become as popular as the "Dahlia sunflower" (Heli- anthus nwltifiorusplemis) which it faintly resembles. Where plenty moisture is given it it will grow eight feet high and produce in August on long wiry stems numerous blooms whose reflexed p tals make it very effective. It is a splendid keeper when cut. I have not wintered it, but as the type is extremely hardy, there can be no question regarding it on that point. The photograph herewith sent to you [and from which our illustration has been engraved. — Ed ] is that of a plant set out in my garden less than six months ago. W. C. Egan. This double-flowered rudbeckia has been repeatedly referred to editorially in Gardening. Its origin is unknown; what we know of it is this: Two years ago we saw it — one plant — in bloom in Mr. Childs' garden at Floral Park, Long Island, as it was (and still is) the only double-flowering rudbeckia we had ever seen we were much "struck" with and deeply interested in it. Mr. Childs told us he didn't know from whom, where, or how he got it, but presumed it was one of the many plants sent to him now and again by his customers and track of it had been lost. At planting time in spring all miscellaneous plants known and un- known were set out in the garden, it among them, and no more notice was taken of it till it came into bloom and its lloral beauty and profusion attracted no- tice. We got a chip of it, and the way it grew and bloomed at Dosoris was won- derful. It was "sent out" a year ago and has now become quitegeneral in gardens. It is hardy, very free growing, extrava- gantly profuse as regards blooming, and withal a first-class perennial but in habit a little inclined to coarseness. NEW GERANIUMS. If the English do not stop their pro- ductions in the round flowering section we shall have no adjectives with which to follow them. Wenowhave two white flowered sorts, Dr. Nansen and Snow Drop, in the line of Cannell's Lily, so long a favorite, but far ahead of it. The salmons are finely represented by Mid- summer, -Pmone, Florence Farmer and Galatea. The red varieties seem to have reached perfection, both as to size and color, John Forbes and Enid being two of the largest and finest. From France we had Triomphe de Nancy, a double-flowered erimson-and- white of the Mirande type. Very beauti- ful, as are the various sorts of the Corona section, where three colors are combined, usually in distinct rings about the center. All the above are grand for pots, or for special uses, but we still have to come back to the Bruant or "sun-proof ' section for our bedders; two of the finest of these in pink are Mine. Jaulin, double, and J. D. Cabos, single. Good bedding pinks are always in great demand. In scarlets two of the finest are Ville de Poitiers, double, and W. P. Simmons, single. A new plant that is bound to prove very useful is Allamanda Williamsii, a tender shrub bearing clusters of the most beautiful trumpet-shaped canary flowers; it is very useful in the window or veran- da box, being a free bloomer and of nice habit. In begonias we find two valuable a 1- ditions in the Semperflorens Gigantea class; one of these is elegantissima, a beautiful free flowering pink variety; the other is elegantissima alba, pure white. Any person growing the rosea variety will give a warm welcome to these new comers. Every year hundreds of valueless novel- ties must be discarded in the various classes of plants, but notwithstanding this fact the testing of these new varie- ties is one of the greatest pleasures of the florist; more and more the selection of the best is being made by the florists, • ' ' GARDENING. Sept. /$, and only the sound wheat that is lefc. is being passed on for the amateur to try in his turn. S. A. H. Richmond, Indiana. THE NEWER SWEET PEAS. About the newer sweet peas as com- pared to older varieties of merit. Mr. Eckford's introductions for 1893 and 1894 were almost without exception a great advance on his previous work, and from a personal visit to his floral work- shop I can say that he has in store for us yet grander results of his splendid work on this flower. But the sets of novelties which he has sent out for 1895 and 1896 have not ranked well with his best pre- vious introductions. Take the seven that were offered to our trade in 1895. Blanche Burpee has shown up much better thisyearthanlast, and while being a rather weak germina- tor like the other white seeded sorts, it is the largest white to date. A California strain of this called The Bride will prob- ably show better germinating quality, but is almost identical in other respects. While Emily Henderson does not seem to improve in germinating quality, I think Blanche Burpee will steadily gain in this respect. Duke of York is a very disap- pointing, mongrel sort of flower, not at all up to Eckford's intention. Duchess of York is of only second rate quality, with delicate pinkish purple stripes on a satiny white ground. Eliza Eekford i a rather prettv white and rose, and bouquets with dainty effect. Meteor is a decidedly richer orange salmon than Orange Prince. We shall soon have this color in grandi- flora size under the name of Refulgens. Mrs. Joseph Chamberlain is the largest sweet pea to date, and is a very bright rose striped. Novelty is only second rate in size, but it is a bright rose with an infu- sion of light scarlet. Katherine Tracy made a good debut last year, but has gained greatly in favor this year. It is a boldlv expanded, soft, blush pink, having but one fault, that of bearing only two blossoms on the stem. It is decidedly distinct, although it has the same color as Princess Beatriceand Royal Robe, and will be given the preference by florists over the two latter. The Eckfords (or 1S96 have shown in California pretty nearly their true type, and still the Eek- ford sealed packets were all made up of drouth-stricken stock, and it will take two vears of California culture to bring them up fully to type. Crown Jewel is the only first-class variety in the set. It is a violet rose tint on cream ground. Countess of Aberdeen was very high grade as I saw it in England, but the type does not hold, the stock breaking into two sorts, one almost white, the other a soft pink. The deeper color should form an edge on the other to be true to type. Captivationis a color that does not captivate. It isof fine form, and a light purple magenta. Little Dorrit has disappointed us, but as I saw it at Eckford's I was greatly pleased. We need a pink and white in which the color will not run into the v. ings. Little Dorrit as I saw it was a bold expanded flower, the contrast of standard and wings being sharply lined, and the pink of the wings being less of that scarlet tinge which we have in Blanche Ferry. 1 shall watch with interest to see Little Dorrit come into true form after a year or two, and give us something decidedly in ad- vance of Blanche Ferry. Mikado has also behaved badly. Most of the stock has produced what I would call a large sized Ovid. What Mr. Eekford calls a c erise ground means I suppose a cherry color. Mikado will not hold any place among striped sorts, for there are so many that are prettier. Alice Eekford h rdly holds to the description. Although of ordinary size the'ereamy white with a sort of apricot tint bouquets daintily and s- trikes one as a new effect. But now the American novelties for 1896 have shown up to fine advantage. They have been strong, free blooming, and have at once shown at their best. We must not forget that the best of them have Eekford blood in them. Ramona is superb and grand. It is a large creamy white with splashes and flakes of soft pink. Gray Friar has attracted much attention, the color agreeing well with the name, and the large blossoms making lusty bouquets. Juanita (Wahneeta) is a good sized white touched with splashes of light blue. Oddity, so called for its curled look, has bloomed profusely, and its pale carmine color is not bad. Day- break has won many friends. It is not large but pretty, with watered scarlet on white ground, and it came true with me for seven years before I let it go. Amer- ica is an intense cardinal stripe and takes well. Bride of Niagara when bunched would pass for Painted Lady, but you see on examination that about thirty per cent of the stems have one or two so- called "double" blossoms. Celestial came from Germany. It is practically the original Countess of Radnor. Radnor is hard to hold, and deteriorates rapidly by running into a reddish mauve. All our trade stock is poor, Celestial has given us back the beautiful soft lavender. I do not expect it t > hold any better than Radnor. A special strain of Radnor has been grown ior Burpee which gave me trial stock this year of the true original variety. Only the severest rogueing can hold it up to the type. Three-fourths of it need to be pulled up every year to keep the stock graded up to true type. Extra early Blanche Ferry has won universal commendation this year for being just what is claimed for it. Its earliness is de- cidedly in its favor. Now I have had Mr. Eckford's set for 1897. Others hive had them, but I am not responsible for the way thev get them. Mr. Eekford offers them in his retail catalogue in England, and I seenoth- ing to prevent anvone who has Iritnds in England from sending through them for them. The trade cannot get them so as to list them till Mr. Eekford has had tbem in his retail catalogue for one year. This advance set shows some of the qual- ity of Eckford's best and latest work Coquette is a large, rich primrose cream, with slight tint of violet rose. Countess of Shrewsbury has a delicate purplish pink standard and white wings. Lovely is a large shell pink, Mars is agrandiflora crimson, the largest of the blood reds. Prima Donna is of grand size, a medium shade of rose pink. Royal Rose is a great improvement on Apple Blossom. Mr. Eekford has shown in England a new very soft lavender called Lady Grisel Hamilton, and a grand, rich primrose cream called Oueen Victoria, also Prince Edward of York, which is in the line of his old Princess Yictoria. What about Cupid? A pink and white Cupid will also soon be offered. M3' inter- in these is, to study them as historical links in the development of the flower. Too much was expected of them at first. But I look for a new hybrid race of sweet peas, and Cupid has had a timely advent as giving us a dwarf parent stock for crossing with the tall kinds. I am hope- ful that from it we shall get the sweet pea of the future, with less tendency to vine. My own vines this year, ten feet high, certify to a great need of a half dwarf race. "I have on trial a curious seed variation from California, Red Riding Hood. It is a decidedly new departure. The stand- ard is abortive, and is drawn like a night cap over the wings, so that the latter project forward like a little bonnet. The color is bright rose. It has a snapdragon look. The public will deliver their judg- ment on it in 1897. Among the new things also will be a grand salmon pink stripe that the Massachusetts Horticul- tural Society gave me a first-class certifi- cate on. I consider it an extraordinary thing. Burpee will introduce it. I want it called Clara Barton, but that is not decided yet. I have had on trial several new things under the names Bridesmaid, Emily Lynch, Kilauea, Flambeau, Chin- ook and others. I look forward to next year with great interest, for all the new things will show up much better than this year. Sweet peas will never be less popular and the rapid increase of sweet pea shows will develop an intelligent in- terest in the finest sorts. W. T. Hutchins. Indian Orchard, Mass., August 27, '96. HARDY PHLOXES. I like the phlox becauseneither cold nor drouth, bugs nor worms, nor anything else that I know of has ever been able to kill any variety that I have planted, but there are many poor varieties among them and many that are alike. For 15 years I have been buying and importing them from Germany and England, buying any and everywhere it I thought I could get something new or distinct, and now after all 013- pains I have only three varie- ties that I should care to recommend to my friends. The best one to bed out in large quantities is a French variety called Boule de Feu, or ballot fire, if you get the true variety; the catalogues call the color fiery scarlet. I had a bed of 300 plants of this variety that was almost dazzling in the sun, and its flowers when open can be seen at a longer distance than can those of any flower I know of. Another variety that I have lost the name of has white flowers with a bright crimson eye, but instead of being a dis- tinct round eye it shoots out in a ray in the flower and makes a beautiful com- bination; it is of French origin. The third variety is a seedling of ray own, and which my good friend, the editor of Gardening, has named Springfield Beauty; it is of a beautiful pink color and fine for bouquets, and the plant is a strong grower. I grow these three varie- ties in large quantities for this purpose, but the demand for them, especially for the two last, is such that I do not make much headway in their increase. Last winter was so severe that it killed a great many of our hardy flowers, but none of our phloxes suffered in the least. In July and August, when hardy flowers are scarce, we fully appreciate our hardy phloxes. Springfield, Mass. CharlesL Birr. CRAB GRASS. Is there any means of eliminating crab grass in lawns? I have seven acres, and notwithstanding re-seeding each vear with two or three bushels per acre of the best lawn seed obtainableeach season and liberal fertilizing with best ferti izers, the villainous pest has virtually crowded out all other grasses. Duringthehot weather I water copiously from three-inch water rSg6. GARDENING. pipes; can it be that too much moisture is used? The grass is closely cut each week. Edgemoor. Chicago. The crab grass has come to stay, no matter what you do, and plowing under, reseeding. fertilizing, or watering won't destroy it, lor it is as fond of good living as any other grass we know of. It is an annual and bears and ripens lots of seed about this time of year, the wiry seed- laden branches huggingthe ground below the reach of the mower so as to escape to sow another crop for next summe - . But we can help to keep it in check. Fertiliz- ing and watering so as to encourage and retain an early and full growth of blue grass and white clover will help to check it out, and frequent mowing tends to les- sen its strength, and raking and mowing will nip the countless spears that other- wise might escape uncut. ARUM DRflGUNCULUS. I procured last September two large bulbs of Arum Draeunculus. fine healthy looking bulbs with some signs of bud be- ginning to break through. Thinking the fall was the proper time to start them I potted them in same soil and treated them just like my hyacinths, putting them away underground for eight weeks. I noticed when I took the hyacinths that no growth showed on the arums. Turn- ing them out of the pot ■ to examine them I found four or five healthy fleshy roots, so I put them back in the dark for four weeks more. At the beginning of the year I put them into a cool frame think- ing they needed light, and meanwhile I read in a book or paper that they were spring bulbs. I kept them in good light and moisture until May, when I turned them out of their Dots into a nice rich, moist, sunny position expecting them to grow, but though they are plump and healthy and the roots the same they have never budged a shoot. The little shoot at the top is as silent and forlorn as the day I received them. Pleasetell me what is the cause of this moroseness and taci- turnity, and what shall I do to make them grow? Is it a disease or is it just "a way the family has of doing"? Abilene, Texas. A Subscriber. The plant is a summer grower and bloomer. You should have planted them out in your garden in nice, rich, moist soil, but not in a sunny position, instead, in a slightly shaded one, and let them alone. They are perfectly hardy with you. GlflNT flYSSOP-SALVIfl. 1. W. H. S. W., New York, sends us by ex press two plants for name. One was raised from seed sent to him from China under the name ol Calamintha Clinopo- dium. "It gro jvs from S to 12 feet high, and a large clump of it is very imposing on the lawn. The bees are immensely fond of the flowers and almost fight (or possession of them." Ans. Calamintha Clinopodium is a common American plant. We make out the plant you send us to be a species of giant hyssop (Lo- panthus). 2. "The other plant sent is a member of the salvia family." Ans. It is Salvia coccinea, a plants in common cultivation in gardens, being easily raised from seed and flowering freely out of doors. There is also a dwarf form of it and a white flowered one as well as the typical scar- let one. GLflDlOtUS GtilLDSII. These have been very fine with us this summer. How beautiful they are! They are fai superior to the common run of gladiolus. We grew a number of them, and so pleased are we with them that we shall plant them more largely next sum- mer. By planting them from time to time up to the first week in July a steady supply of flowers wiil be had all summer; the first planting can be done just as soon as the ground can be worked in spring. As cut flowers they are very good, only they have to be cut as soon as the first flowers are opening. They will then open nicely all other buds up the spike. Cut a little piece off the stalk every other day, and they will keep much fresher. Among the finest ones we had were: Mohawk, Ruby, Bessie Tanner, William Falconer, Yolande, Burlington, Dr. Park- hurst, Torchlight, Mrs. W. M. Bird, Henry Gillam, Winthrop, Rosedale, Cin- cinnati, Dexter. Brilliant, Livonia, Sacra- mento, Mrs. Beecher, Oddity and San- duskv. David Fkaser. Matawata, N.J. THE LEATHER FLOWER. {Clematis Viorna.) In rambling through the woods near Berkeley Springs, W. Va., last July Icatne across a very] pretty clematis in flower. The flower was of the form and character of the coccinea, but of a lighter pink color, but the vine had the leaf and manner of growth of the "Virgin's Bower." It was not a round leaf like the coccinea, but long and sharp pointed. The growth of the vine like the purple clematis. What kind is it? I brought the roots and stem and propagated it properly, and it has made a new growth of 15 inches. Pittsburg, Pa. E. D B. No doubt it is the above named (C. Viorna ) . GLEMflTIS PflNIGULflTfl. This most splendid hardy climber is just bursting into bloom, and is a splen- did sight even before it opens fully. There is nothing as fine in the way of a climber at this season, and nothing better at any season in a situation for which this clem- atis is adapted. ]. A. E. Utah. And be sure you grow Clematis Flam- mula, too. It looks like paniculata, and is as vigorous and healthy, but it blooms a month ea lier and is very fragrant. Worms v. Fertilizer.— R. J. R., St. Jo- seph, Missouri, asks: "Can you recom- mend any fertilizer for flower beds that does not breed worms, as horse and cow manure do? Also are worms in all rich soils?" Ans. Rich, cultivated, heavily- manured soils are apt to be much infested with worms, and the more animal ma- nure that is put into the ground the greater is the attraction for the worms to breed in it. But whether or not worms in such soils are injurious to vegetation is an unsettled question, they certainly don't eat the living roots ot plants as some suppose they do. They channel the soil and render it pasty, and their heaps of casts on the surface of the soil are un- sightly. Any "complete" fertilizer \\ ill suit you; in fact if your ground is already surfeited with humous a commercial fer- tilizer maybe very desirable for it. "Is the fruit of white fringe ( Chimonanthus) poisonous?" .Ins. We do not know. LIalsam and Larkspur Seed. — R. A . Watertown, N. Y., writes: ' 1 have bal- sams and larkspur in a bed in which 1 wish to plant bulbs. Will the seed ripen by pulling the stalks and hanging in ;i dry. cool place? Woulc it be better to remove the plants with the earth around the roots intact to a tr neb?" .Ins. Pluck off the rougher leaves and pull the plants up by the roots, then hang them up in a dry-, but not draughty, place: it the seed is well filled and finning it may ripen. But really both balsam and lark spur seed are so cheap the game isn't worth the candle. Plants for name.— W. S., Stratford. Ont., writes: "I send by same mail some leaves of plants for name. I have num- bered them. Ans. Number 1 is Argemone Mexicana.a somewhat thistle-like annual with yellow poppy-like flowers; Xo. 2 is ginger (Zinziber officinalis); we wish you had given us some particulars about the plant from which you plucked the long yucca-like leaf Xo. 3. Cri'in dwarf sweet pea. — I planted one large "original packet" of seed as carefully as I knew how and waite. patiently for the young plants to appeal but did not get a sprout. Many varieties of the tall sorts, from the same source, did finely. F. C. Down. Connecticut, September 7, 1896. Aquatics. «0W TO MRKE fl WATER LILY POND. The simplest, least costle.and the mist effective aquatic garden or lily pond can be coustructe i from a natural hollow or swampy spot that one hardly knows how to treat otherwise. It may have- sloping banks with an abrunt projection or two. and a background of trees at the top of the slope. If nature is kind enough to furnish such material to work upon, the making of an aquatic garden is an easy task. How- ever, with proper consideration of the location and conformable treatment an aquatic garden can be made to harmon- ize with its surroundings, be thev the natural forest, the city square or the floral pasture. Having such a piece of ground as that outlined above, the first thing is to stake out the shore line, taking advantage of aud bringing out any natural beauty the place may possess. The outline of the pond should vary in contour; bold points should be made to flank and partly mask deep recesses of the shore into the line of the bank, aud thus help the idea of vasl- ness of water surface. From off a strong point an island may be thrown up with the excavated mate- rial, all tending to break up and lengthen the shore line; it is from near the shore that an intimate acquaintancecanbe had with our aquatic plants. A walk should follow nearly the shore line, occasionally- forming a part of the beach, again pass- ing behind a thickly planted point, to strike the water again at the head of a cove bedewed with starry blossoms and fringed with other beautiful forms of aquatic growth. The banks between tin- walk and the water may be planted with hardy and mostly native plants in groups and masses. The treatment of the ground farther up the slope should be of the character of a setting for the pond, such as an arrange- ment of shrubbery and native plants Boulders and rocks of large size can here lie used to advantage, as well as on the banks of the pond. GARDENING. Sept. 15, LEAF SPOT OF THE WATER LILY A depth of water of two feet is desira- ble, with the ability to raise the water another foot in winter in cold latitudes for protection from frost. In a loamy soil not containing a large proportion of sand, no puddling is neces- sary to hold water. On sandy or grav- elly subsoils, a covering on the bottom and sides of the pond of tough clay well puddled in, will have to be laid; this cov- ering may be 3 to 4 inches thick, and if costly or hard to get might be reduced to 2 inches. A covering of sand or fine gravel should be spread over the clay, to avoid the stirring up of mud by the at- tendant. The writer prefers to plant the lilies in boxes rather than in the bottom of the pond. The boxes may vary in size from 4 to 10 or 12 feet square and 12 inches high, without bottoms ex- cepting a board or two or sufficient to hold them down by the weight of the soil, and open bottoms permit of root exten- sion beyond the area of the boxes. Boxes too allow easy access for change of soil, or division of plants, both operations are necessary in successful culture. Nymphasas are gross feeders, and seem- ingly cannot be surfeited with high living. A compost of half loam, and half well rotted manure, with the addition of a lit- tle bone phosphate makes them very happy. Overflow and outlet pipes are essential, the one to empty the pond, the other to carry off scum, dust and growths of floating alga? For this it is best to lay a pipe, common 6-ineh drain tile will do if the puddling is tigh% otherwise use sewer pipe with cemented joints. This pipe should be laid on the border of the pond, and to it finch connections made at each recess or bay in the border of the pond at the summerkvel. Thiswillserve to carry off objectionable floating matter very satisfactorily. Provide plugs for each overflow pipe, so that by plugging up certain pipes a greater overflow can be induced at others where necessary. To avoid leakage at these overflow pipes in winter, use an iron end on each for the better driving home of the plugs. A gen- erous provision for such overflow pipes will never be regretted by the culturist who desires a clean water surface. When the water supply is very cold only water sufficient to run cff the scum should be admitted. With one or two exceptions better growth can be had from even hardy species and varieties in a tem- perature of 75° or 80° than from that of spring water. We once drew water from the surface of a shallow lake for a lily pond supply, and obtained thereby a temperature of from 78° to 84° with remarkable results, the regular supply being 60°. Aquatic plants will not flourish in artesian water, con- taining salt, lime and iron. Few insects trouble aquatic plants and three of these as late as '94, if my memory serves me right, were unidentified by the Entomological Dept., Washington. One is a fine threadlike larva? about Vs to Vi inch long; it dessicates young nympha?a leaves very quickly. Frequent dipping of the leaves in tobacco or whale od soap decoction is the best remedy we have formed. Another larva? is a leaf miner, it burrows in the parenchyma of the leaf. We cannot reach this fellow, but as he is not abundant his work is not very no- ticeable. The egg of another is deposited on the top of the leaf stalk of the nelum- bium. Arsenical spray will not lie on the spot, so picking off the eggs or burrowing down the leaf stalk after him seems to be the remedy until we can find a better one. Green fly can be kept down by the hose spray, with the help of sunfish and gold- fish, which are essential to any well- appointed lily pond. We met this season a hitherto to us un- known trouble, a blackening and rotting of nymphrea leaves in a wholesale man- ner until we found it vieldcd readily to the Bordeaux mixture. [Probably this is the same disease as is shown on the nympha?a leaf, this page. The spot is caused by a fungus of the genus Cercos- pora. We had a good deal of trouble with this disease in some of our lily tubs at Dosoris last year, and although we used fungicides for it we could not stop it. Plucking off the worst leaves, wash- ing the others with fungicides and chang- ing the water often and completely, and removing part of the surface soil, did not stop the trouble. Still out of over forty tubs it confined itself to three or four. —Ed.] While on this subject the crayfish might be noted; it is to be dreaded when numer- ous, not only does it tap the banks or clay puddling, but for some reason eats off young growth. The writer once had a weary experience caused by a swarm of them until it was discovered that chopped meat mixed with Paris green laid at night on the edge of the pond effectually cleared them out. To bring out to perfection the glories of the Victoria Regia and the tropical nym- pha?as a temperature of from 85° to 90° is necessary. This generally must be ob- tained by artificial heating, this is the most satisfactorily attained by the hot water system, carrying the pipes around the inside of the tank or pond near the bottom. By sinking the boiler room and burning anthracite coal this may be done without obtruding a nuisance into view, the chimney being low and faced with rough rock work and hidden behind a clump of shrubbery. A tank or basin with cement concrete walls and bottom may be more desirable for formal or artificial surroundings, as for instance a garden or floral parterre, and for growing tropical aquatic plants. The construction of such a basin is a simple matter and within the capacity of ordinary handy laborers. First dig a trench for a wall of the necessary depth to protect the bottom from frost and of the desired width. Make a concrete com- posed as follows: One part Portland cement to four parts clean sharp sand and eight parts clean crushed stone. Thor- oughly mix the sand and cement dry, then wet the stone and add it to the pile, turning over again until thoroughly mixed, adding water enough to make the concrete the consistency of moist sugar. Place in the trench and ram in four or five inch layers quite firmly until the surface of the ground is reached. Make joints seven or eight feet apart all around the wall by cross-partioning, filling the alternate spaces, and when those are set removing the partitions and filling the remainder, first laying a strip of tar paper in each joint. Next excavate the interior of the basin and lay the bottom with four inches in thickness of the same concrete, making the slabs alternately and facing each with a compost of one part cement and two sharp clean sand of the con- sistency of mortar, and trowelled on smoothly. Make all joints continuous, not alternating. The top of the basin may be finished above the ground line with a coping moulded in frames of wood, laying the pieces alternately and keeping the joints vertically in line with those below. Finish top with trowel coat. In lieu of a cement coping one may be made of rock work. A basin so constructed will not leak nor will it crack in unexpected places, and if the bottom is laid on porous material and drained the basin may be emptied of water in winter and will be safe from damage by frost. J. A. Pktticrew. Supt. of Parks, Brooklyn, N. Y. i8g6. GARDENING. POND FOR HARDY WATER LILIES. MADE BY MR PETTIGREW. OUT DOOR POND FOR TENDER AQUATICS. MADE BY MR PETTIGREW. 10 GARDENING. Sept /s, William Falconer, Editor. PJBI.ISHED THE 1ST AND 15TH OF EACH MONTH BT THE GARDENING COMPANY, Monon Building, CHICAGO. Subscription Prlce.R.OOa Year-24 Numbers. Adver- tising rates on application. Kntered at Chicago postoffice as second-clasB matter. Copyright 18Ht>, by The Gardening Co. All communications relating to subscriptions, adver- tisements and other business matters should be addressed to The Gardening Company. Monon Bui d- \ng Chicago, and all matters pertaining to the editorial department of the paper should be addressed to the Kdltorof Gardening, bchenley Park, Pittsburg. Pa. Gardening Ib gotten up for Its readers and In their Interest, and It behooves you, one and all. to make It Interesting. If It does not exactly suit your case, please write and tell us what you want. It Is our desire to help you. ASK any Questions you please about plants, Uowers, fruits, vegetables or other practical gardening matters. We will take pleasure In answering them . Send us Notes of your experience in gardening in any line; tell us of your successes that others may be enlightened and encouraged, and of your failures, perhaps we can help you. SEND US PHOTOGRAPHS OK SKETCHES Of you dowers, gardens, greenhouses, frulta, vegetables, or horticultural appliances that we may have them en- graved for GARDENING. CONTENTS. TREES AND SHRUBS. Small leaved or "Chinese" cypress (illus ) . Select trees and shrubs for southern states . Wants a choice small tree Hydrangea paniculata grandiflora (illus ) Questions about trees and shrubs Notes on yuccas Yucca Treculeana THE FLOWER GARDEN. Plants in bloom September 8 My garden Golden Glow coneflower (illus ) New geraniums The newer sweet peas . . Hardy phloxes Crab grass Arum Dracunculus ... Giant hyssop— salvia Gladiolus Childsii • ■ • The leather flower . . ■ ■ - Clematis paniculata Worms vs. fertilizer . . .... Balsam and larkspur seed Plants for name . ... AO.UATICS. How to make a water lily pond (illus.) THE GREENHOUSE. Winter flowering plants for the conservatory . Questions about plants ROSES. Hardy roses for Cincinnati Roses in Canada Aruudo, tritoma, roses CHRYSANTHEMUMS. Mulching chrysanthemums THE FRUIT GARDEN. Watering greenhouse grape vines Apples and pears • Berry bushes . . . 12, THE VEGETABLE GARDEN. Corn, early golden yellow New Malta squash The Newer Sweet Peas.— If you want the candid truth about sweet peas be sure you read the article by Mr. Hutchins in this issue of Gardening, page 6. Mr. Hutchins is the greatest authority on sweet peas in this country; he makes this flower a hobby and a study, and he not only grows every variety in cultivation but also has an "inside view" into the new and coming varieties that is denied to most of us. Study the article in question, and when you come to make up your list of sweet peas for next year be sure you refer to this article and take a hint from it. It was written by Mr. Hutchins in the heyday of the sweet pea season in his garden, and on the ground among his flowers. It is the voice of actual, practical, experience. Wake up, Philadelphia — Hear what one of your citizens writes to us: "The collection of roses at Fairmont Park is not very extensive, it is true, but the va- rieties grown have been selected with great care and usually attract the atten- tion and elicit the admiration of visitors. The severe pruning they receive tvery year induces vigorous growth and pro- fuse flowering. The rose borders are located on the south side of Horticultural Hall, and there may be found a strong plant of the old rose. Peine d'Angleterre, which in June is literally laden with bright pink flowers, they being more abundant than on any rose bush we have ever seen. The newer roses, such as Crim- son Rambler, the yellow and white Ram- blers, the grand Carmine Pillar, and Sin- gle Crimson bedder, have not yet found their wav to the park. In cannas our park is poor, very poor, the only kinds I find there are Mme. Crozy and a misera- ble yellow mongrel not worth the trouble of planting out." A. B. Watering PLANTs.-Mr. Mitchell's note about the lavish watering of grape vine borders reminds us of a point in horti- culture as regards watering that is some- times overlooked. Ready, clean and per- fect drainage is the keynote of success in horticulture. As an illustration let us take a pot plant. With full, free and per- fect drainage it will be hard to overwater it; with imperfect drainage we can stag- nate the water in the soil and render the plant unhealthy in a little while. With perfect drainage we can water a vigorous plant most every day till the water runs out at the bottom without any fear of souring the soil; more than thatoverflush waterings are often of much benefit in washing out stagnating moisture and keeping i he soil fresh and sweet. Take an orchid pot filled with moss. Once thoroughly wetted that moss will be apt to keep wet for several days, and if we keep on giving a little water every day just to keep it equally moist all the time the moss will soon begin to decay and sour and the roots to rot. But if in watering we dip that pot in a tank till the water runs right through it in quan- tity or pour water into it till it runs out freelv the escape water will wash out the stagnation and impurities from the moss, and the potting material will be pure and sweet all the time and the roots alive and healthy. Old Butter Tubs for Plants —We have just bought a thousand empty butter tubs from the grocery stores to pot a lot of plants in; they are of two sizes, namely, 30 lbs. and 60 lbs. tubs, and they cost us 4> ■• cents each. Thev have wooden hoops, but we drive a few wire nails into the hoops, clinching them on the inside, and in this way keep the hoops securely fastened; also we bought some light strap or baling iron and hooped a lot of the tubs with it. For draining we bore a lot of %-mch holes in the bottom of each tub; before using we strew a little chopped straw in the bottom, then in with our plant and soil. Before using, though, the tubs are cleaned from any grease, scorched slightly over a fire, painted inside with a daub of cement and outside with metallic paint. If the tubs are too deep we saw a piece off the top, usually down close to the first hoop. We use these tubs for hydrangeas, hardy shrubs used for forcing, big plants of Canterbury bells, chrysanthemums, and some other things; and they are nice things to winter over some of the tender aquatics in. In fact they are as useful as pots without being breakable, and when used for hardy shrubs that we wish to leave out of doors to get the frost in winter there is no fear of them being burst bv frost, as is sure to be the case with pots. At Glen Cove we used to get iron- hooped tubs, but the grocers here seem to have the wooden-bound ones only. The Greenhouse. WINTER FLOWERING PLANTS FOR THE CON- SERVATORY. The sweet pea is oneof the finest plants for winter forcing. From a space about two feet square we got last winter more blooms than from ten times the space in the garden in summer, and they continued a longtime blooming. Get seed of the tall named varieties and so iv it in pots, put- ting three seeds in each; when the plants are well up plant them in nine inch deep boxes in rich soil, and about eight inches apart, and train along the rafttrs. When the boxes are filled with roots give liquid manure. They blossom in about two months or ten weeks from time of sow- ing. Antirrhinums rooted now from selected sorts make nice blooming plants for win- ter and spring. Majus alba is the favor- ite sort for cutting. Geraniums rooted in summer should be potted on for winter and spring bloom- ing; keep the flowers pinched off. For the amateur it might be as well to procure a dozen good sorts from some reliable florist, in 3 inch pots. Lobelia Erinus makes a pretty pot plant for the conservatory in winter in a sunny position. I iwarf Nasturtiums should be rooted from tops now; they will come in very useful for cut flowers in winter. Mignonette should now be sown either in the benches where itis to remain, or in pots to be planted in the benches later on. To secure good spikes of bloom the lateral shoots should be pinched off. Chrysanthemum tricolor and sweet alyssum should also be sown Flowering begonias that have been planted out over summer should now be lifted and potted. Bougainvillea glabra and its variety Sanderiana should be placed in the cool greenhouse by the end of September and kept rather dry, to be brought into heat later on. Coreopsis tinctoria seedlings should be lifted and potted — they are generally self-sown — and they will bloom during the winter. I find that Coreopsis lanceo- lata will not. Heliotrope cuttings should be made now to plant in fenches later on; also cuttings of Impatiens Sultani, which will brighten up the house during winter. Jasminum grandiflorum should be lifted, potted and brought into a warm house as required. Olea fragrans is a very useful, fra- grant decorative plant for the conserva- tory and of easy culture. The white swainsona should be planted in the benches if not already done so. Justicia velutina and Ruellia niacra- tha are easily grown flowering plants for winter decoration. Cosmos should be brought in doors soon; if planted out it should be carefully lifted and kept shaded for « few days. Azaleas and hydrangeas should be put into cool winter quarters by the end of the month. Kon't let the frost catch i8q6. ' ' • GARDENING. ii the hydrangeas, as it will injure the ter- minal flowering buds See to the potting of Bermuda Easter lilies, calla lilies, freesias, Roman hya- cinths and oxalis. We don't sow our cinerarias or calceo- larias till September, as we aim to have them late so as not to occupy space dur- ing chrysanthemum time. Habrothamnus elegans, Centrum nocturnum and Nicotiana affinis, all easily grown, are favorite plants for con- servatory decoration. Violets. — If you want early violets they must be planted early, not later than September 1. Around here many florists plant their violets in their perma- nent quarters from the 1st to the 15th of August. The more like a cold frame the violet house is the better, just have room enough to get into it to pick the flowers. Chrysanthemums. — After many years' experience we find there is nothing gained by leaving am - plants out of doors later than September 1st; on the contrary, there is danger in leaving out the slow growing and weak rooting varieties. Orange, N.J. W. Fitzwilliam. QUESTIONS ABOUT PLANTS. A. B , of Chevy Chase, Maryland, asks: "Fuchsias, geraniums, begonias, how to save them over winter?'' ,4ns. If the fuchsias are in pots put them into a cool but frost-proof cellar and keep them a little dry at the root. If planted out, lift them and cut them back considerably, then plant them closely into boxes, which store in the cellar. Treat old geraniums in much the same way. Or lift them, cut them back con- siderably and pot or box them, keeping them dry overhead, even if a little moist at root. If in pots and you can spare a space in a window for them they will be- gin blooming in January or February. Yes, hung up by the heels a good many of them will keep alive over winter, but it isn't a verv satisfactory method. The best way is to propagate a fresh lot from cuttings in late summer and save these over in the window, letting the old ones die outside. Keep evergreen begonias in the window over winter; a s'unless win- dow will answer, but don't let frost ncar thera. Hi.ackspot on Roses — "Why do the leaves on my rose bushes (otherwise hen I th v ) become covered with bronze or blackish spots and dry up?" Ans It is probably a case of black spot fungus, a bad disease. Remed\ — good drainage, sweet soil, judicious watering, and rigid cleanliness. Pick off and up and burn every diseased leaf on the bushes or fallen on the ground, so as to prevent the spread of the pest. Fungi- cides of any kind have not proven quite effectual in destroying this pest. Roses. HARDY ROSES FOR CINCINNATI. The following list of hardy roses may not quite suit the connoisseur, for it con- tains several old varieties, but these are all almost indispensable. I cannot give up old favorites and tried friends who have so often behaved well and stood by me in heat and cold, for some of the newer and more fashionable beauties from abroad. La France is only partially hardy in our stiff' limestone clay soil here. You see I have not gone into the Hybrid Tea class for the same reason. Alfred Colomb, carmine crimson. Anne de Diesbach, lovely carmine. Baron Rothschild, light pink and rose. Baron Bonstetten, velvety crimson. Baronne Prevost, rose, large, fragrant. Boieldieu, cherry red, large, full. Beauty of Waltham, rosy crimson. Caroline de Sansal, flesh color. Charles Lefebvre, reddish crimson. Charles Margottin, fiery red, shaded crimson. Comtesse Cecile de Chabrillant, satiny pink. Fisher Holmes, an improved Jacquemi- not. General Jacqueminot, brilliant crimson. General Washington, red shaded crim- son. Gustave Piganeau, brilliant crimson. Jean Liabaud, crimson-maroon and scarlet. Joasine Hanet, deep rose tinged violet. John Hopper, bright rose, carmine center. La Rosiere, deep velvety crimson. Mabel Morrison, flesh white changing to white. Mine. Boll, carmine rose. Mine. Masson, reddish crimson to violet. Mine. Joly, cupped, fragrant. Mme. Laftay, rose color, large, cupped. Mme. Rival (Auguste Mie), glossy pink. Mme. Gabriel Luizet, glistening pink. Mme. Charles Wood, reddish crimson. Marshall P. Wilder, cherry rose. Maurice Bernardin, bright crimson. Marguerite de St. Amand, bright rose. Mrs. John Laing, soft pink, fine Paul Neyron, deep rose, very large. P.erre Notting, deep cri nson. Prince Carmille de Rohan, velvety crimson. Rev. J B. M. Camm, carmine rose. I'lricii Brunner. cherry red. Among moss roses, the crested moss, Murinais and Salet do well with us. Appoline, rosy pink, and Hermosa, bright rose, are good Bourbons. In the way of hybrid noisette roses Coquette des Alpes, white; Elise Boelle, white tinged with pink, and Lady Emily Peel, white tinged with blush, are good. Gloire de Dijon, climbing Tea, is by far the best of its class, and hardy with us, and Mme. Lam- bard, rosy-salmon, anotherTea rose does nicely in our gardens. Of course Harri- son's Yellow must find a place in every cottage yard. George Pernet with clus- ters of rosy-pink flowers is one of our best Polyantha roses. The Rugosa roses and the* hybrid Mme. Georges B uant, are at home with us Crimson Rambler is giving good satisfaction, and the Japanese trailing rose, Wichuraiana, is proving a valuable and desirable addition to our garden treasures. R. H Warder. Superintendent of Parks, Cincinnati. Septembers 10, 1896. ROSES IN CANADA. There are not nearly so many roses grown in this locality as should be, for with a little proper care nearly all the H. Ps. and Bourbonsdo very well. Yarieties that do well on their own roots are most in favor with our peop'e, many of whom are unable tell the AJanetti stock when it springs up from the roots; therefore they do not like to risk planting grafted plants but when properly attended to tl e grafted plants do the best, and most of our practical gardeners prefer them. The climbers mostly seen here are the Oueen of the Praririeand Baltimore Belle. They grow and flower very freeiy, and they are left standing where they grow all winter and seldom suffer from the frost. They are seldom pruned except to cut out weak or dead wood. The new Empress of China is doing very well here and is likely to be much called for in the future. Crimson Rambler has not done quite so well, lor though it grows well and has proved quite hanli if appears to be much subject to mildew. A tew plants of Rosa Wichuraiana tried here are doing very well, in fact they show m re growth than am- other variety near them and if they flower well will be very popular. It has proved quite hardy without any protection The old Bourbon Oueen is largely grown with Preonia for a companion, they being so hardy and so good natured that they will grow almost anywhere. The favorite H. Ps. are, I think, the following, in about the order in which they are mentioned: General Jacquminot, A. Colomb, Countess of Oxford, I'lricii Brunner, Baron de Bonstetten, John Hopper, John Bright, Oueen of Bedders, Magna Charta, Fisher Holmes, Oueen of Queens, Mme. G. Luizet, Dinsnore, A. II. Williams, Boule de Neige, Mons. Bon- cenne, Giant of Battles, Paul Neyron, Prince Camille de Rohan and Baroness de Rothschild. They are all quite hardy here and all the protection they need is a good mulch of stable manure put on in the fall and taken off again in the spring after the frost is quite out of the ground. I must also mention Mme. Plantier and the Persian Yellow, which re planted here by hundreds and do finely, the onlv objection tothembeingtheir short season of growth and somewhat ragged appear- ance the balance of the season. A few of our people grow Marechal Xiel and Gloire de Dijon out of doors suc- cessfully; they are grown both as stand- ards and bush plants, and when carefully laid down and buried in soil in the fill an 1 not lifted in spring until all danger of frost is over they do very well and flower freely. We have planted out several varieties of tea roses and when they have been properly covered with soil in the fall we have always found them all right in the spring. Titos. Manton Toronto. ARUNDO, TRITOMA, ROSES. E. M. C, Pella, Iowa, asks as follows: 1. HOW TO WINTER ARINDO DONAX? .4ns. It isn't hardv with you, but the root clumps may be dug up and heeled into a pit or cold cellar, being covered over with earth to keep them evenly cool and moist. On high, dry, sandy land under a deep covering of loam it might happen to live out of doors with you. 2. Protect tritomas in winter? .4 ns. Shorten their leaves two-thirds, then before hard frost s>-ts in lift the plants without dividing them and set them close together into a pit, cool cellar or shed, co ,-ering and packing about the roots well with moistish earth or saw- dust. Divide and replant in spring. 3. Are Hypericum Moserianim and Caryopteris Mastacanthus hardy here? If not, how should I winter them? .4ns. No, neither is hardy with you, more especially the latter. Better lift them and winter them in a pit or cellar. But if your land is high, light and dry the hypericum under a covering of earth or ashes, and then a heap of dry oak leaves over that may survive the winter all right even in Iowa. 4-. Roses. Best way to protect Crimson Rambler, Mary Washington and Michi- 12 GARDENING. Sept. 75, gan prairie rose (Rosa setigera), say by laying down and covering with dirt, or manure, or to leave on trellis? Does seti- gera mildew if planted in shade? That it does is my experience. I have it planted on the northwest comer of a summer house, but as soon as shoots are 5 to 6 feet long, the leaves turn vellow and later on the stem dies. Last winter I laid plants down and covered them with strawy manure, and two Crimson Ramblers with dirt, but they all were nearly rotten when uncovered in spring. Ans. Mary Washington isn't hardy with you. By burying the vines of the Crimson Rambler and Prairie with earth as we do grapevines and raspberry canes, but a little thicker, and then placing a deep thickness of drv oak leaves over all, if the land is thoroughly well drained, and porous we know of no good reason why they shouldn't live over winter with you. No, we haven't been much bothered with mildew on prairie roses. How about your soil— is it deeply worked and thor- oughly drained? Chrysanthemums. MULCHING CHRYSANTHEMUMS. There is a point about growing chrys- anthemums which I have not seen men- tioned elsewhere; that is, you must keep the foliage clean by mulching around the plants and close up to the stems to pre- vent the mud made by rain being splashed on the under side of the leaves. This of course for plants in the open ground. This may be trite to most of yourreaders, but I have been three years in getting my plants to retain their lower leaves, and being careful in this respect they are now nice looking specimens right to the pot. Sometimes some little trifling matter like this that goes without saying just dis- courages amateurs like myself who have neither time nor opportunity to ask oth- ers for information. But Gardening is very minute in its direction, and it would be difficult to say ho x much I owe it. Ingersoll, On*. E. A 0. The Fruit Garden. are 4 pounds, and of perfect color, bloom and finish. His Muscat of Alexandria is quite as good in finish, and the largest berries I have ever seen. As for his Madresfield Court I never saw anything to approach them in perfection; I wanted to measure some of the berries, but he is so modest he disliked letting me do it. His Lady Downes and Alicante, not yet quite ripe, are proportionately good. [We have known Mr. McWilliam person- ally for over twenty years as an Al gar- dener, and when at the great exhibition at Boston a year or two ago he obtained the gold medal for the finest collection of greenhouse grapes ever exhibited in the country it w s only what we expected he would get. Better still, he has, in former numbersof Gardening described in detail, from first to last, how he grows his grapes — Ed] James Mitchell. Whitinsville, Mass., Sept. 9, '96. WATERING GREENHOUSE GRAPE VINES. I am an old retired, professional, prac- tical gardener, having f>r more than three score years practiced gardening in Scotland, England, France, Ireland and America, making a specialty of fruit grow- in' 1 ' under glass, and I frankly admit that the best example of grape growing I have ever seen is that by your correspondent, my much respected neighbor and friend, Mr. George McWilliam. He doesn't grow grapes as I, a gardener ot the "old school" used to, but he grows them bet- ter. When I first saw the treatment he gave his grape vines it surprised me, for it was against all orthodox law. I was accustomed to withhold water from the vines as soon as the fruit be^an to color, but he keeps his wet all the time. When he starts his vines he gives his border (it is inside the house, which is 68 feet long by 22 feet wide) a good watering, and from that time on he will use 3,000 gal- lons of water at a watering, until the ber- ries begin to color, then he sprinkles his borders every sunny morning, using 300 gallons of water at a time. With this treatment he has the finest show of fruit I ever saw. The Hamburghs he is now cutting average 3-pound bunches; many quality is known bring a good price. The Clapp's Favorite and Belle Lucrative are blighting badly, and the Onondaga slightly, while other varieties seem to be free. Bartletts are not as productive as they were last season. The Howell with us bears very poorly, giving only as many specimens as we should have bushels. These frequent repetitions of short crops have caused us to commence grafting it with better varieties. Silas L. Albertson. Market Gardener, Long Island, Aug. 22. BERRY BUSHES. APPLES AND PEARS. To those contemplating planting apple trees we would suggest in making your order to include the Jefferis. For the family this is one of the best apples of the season, specimens ripening in succession for several weeks; it is sprightly, rich and of the highest flavor. Pears are a poor crop this season on Long Island. The Keifter while not loaded like last season has enough to make a largecrop, and specimens of large average size. I am much pleased with the Marshall pear. The trees can not be classed with the vigorous growers, but they are very healthy and bear a good crop evenly dis- tributed on the tree. The pears are well adapted for shipping, and where their Plants of the blackberry and red rasp- berry are obtained by cutting strong, vigorous roots in pieces four or five inches long and planting them abo t eight inches apart in drills. Good plants are thus made in one season. Sucker plants coming up around the hill or between the rows are also used and make good plants if carefully dug and a portion of the cross root retained to each of them. New plants of the black raspberry are obtained by covering the tips with two or three inches of moist dirt and leaving them un- disturbed until spring. Cuttings of theeurrant, gooseberry and grape m y be made as soon as the leaves drop. The current year's growths should be selected and they should be cut in pieces about eight inches long. The cuttings may be set at once eight inches apart in rows out of doors, leaving one bud above ground, or they may be tied in bundles, buried in sand in a pit, cellar, or out of doors, and kept from frost until ready for settingout in spring. Good plants are also made by layering, [continued on page 13.] CHOICE HYAGiNTHSat Sets Our Champion Collection of 20 Hyacinths for $1.00 Prepaid by Mail. This offer has never been equalled, the varieties are the best, the colors are un- surpassed, embracing all colors of thin charming flower, We Bend iMtroctionj with each order how to grow and care for them. WEGUARANTEE THEM TO BE THE BEST DOLLAR'S WORTH OF HYACINTHS YOU EVER PUR- CHASED. WILLCOST $2 FROM OTHER FLORISTS. THE LIST — Prince of Waterloo, pure white, large compact spike. Rome Mmlmn,flne pink, very large. Hon, i net de Orunec rich deep golden yellow. 1'rlneos Roval, deep ecnrlet eitra largo. Jenny l.lnd. blush white, with violet eve LnTo'urdo Anvcricne, puresnow white. Bloksbcrc. finest of all light blue Hyacinths Suns ISoucl. the finest pink Hyacinth in cultivation. Monarch. bright crimson, very large spike. NePlus lltru. pure waxy white, very large bells Lord Wi-lllneton, deep porcelain with lilac stripe, brand Monurqucuo France, beautiful creamy white, t'hnrlos IHckcns, finest bright pink, eitrn large Cm Peter, finest porcelain blue. (Jcrtrude, lurge. compseet Bplke, bright red King of the HIucb. dark blue, very large Bpike. «uocn of Holland, pure white, elegant. l.aCltronelrrc. citron yellow, richand popular. Huron » on 1 nuyll, pure, white, none better. Gcn'l Peluoler, deep rich scarlet, none better. We send 35 Tulips for oTIc . 60 Omens for 60c., 15 Narcissus for 60c. Get our catalogue before you order, it is sent free. We tan Km e You Money on all flowers. Try us. &, REESE CO..Fox2,CHAMP10N CITY GREENHOUSES, SPRINGFIELD, OHIO. THE GOOD Meehans' Monthly. "The novice or amateur fond of flowers (and who is not?), knowing little or uoth- ing of the gardeners' ait, finds in this periodical con- stant guidance and instruc- tion conveyed in a popular form." — Philadelphia Ledger, "A magazine that those in- terested in the subject of gar- dening cannot well aflord to be without."— Boston Herald. A twenty paged it.^^zine of intelligent and practical Horticulture, Wild Flowers and kindred sub- jects. Illustrated with copper and wood engravings. Each issue contains a beautiful colored plate ol a Wild Flower or Fern— engraved and printed by Prang & Co., expressly for this work. Meehans' Monthly contains practical and general information on all horticultural subjects, the care and culture of trees, shrubs, hardy plants, fruits and vegetables. The chapters on Wild Flowers and Botany are written in such a simple form that the amateur has no difficulty in gleaning informa- tion on a subject that heretofore has only been open to the student of Botany. It is not a work catering to an idle hour and then to be thrown aside. As a volume for the library it is equal to the best works on botanical and general horticultural subjects, and as such, it has a value far beyond the usual monthly magazines. Subscription Price, #2.00 per year; $1.00 for G month**. Sample copies Free.i In. Club with Gardening for one year, for $3.50. THOHAS HEEHAN & SONS, Publishers, Box C. .... QERHANTOWN, Philadelphia, Pa. i8g6. GARDENING. J 3 which consists in bending the new growth to the ground and covering the elbow to the tip with moist dirt. This is the surest and best method, especially with gooseberries, which are hard to propagate from cuttings. All cuttings should be placed in rich, well prepared soil and thoroughly cultivated the following season. In severe climates protect in winter with a mulch of coarse manure or straw. There are some advantages in propa- gating your own plants. You can con- tinue those varieties that do best in 3 - our particular locality and soil. You can transplant them as soon as your ground is properly prepared. You can use more care in transplanting, and fill in the miss- ing hills at leisure. But it is no doubt cheaper to buy plants from reliable growers; and if the work is to be simply mechanical and for dollars and cents only, then do not try to propagate small fruit plants. The fruit garden should be a source of pleasure, profit, inspiration, devotion. It should be one of the strong ties that binds us to home ever after. Sparta, Wis. M. A. Thaver. New, Rare and Beautiful Plants Lord Penzance's new hybrid Sweet Briars. Old Garden Roses; New Roses; Standard Roses. Philadelphus Lemoinei; New Lilacs; Lonicera Hildebrandtii; Spiraea "Anthony Waterer." A large collection of rare hothouse and greenhouse plants, Anthuriums, Alocacias, Orchids, etc. Rare Conifers and other beautiful Evergreens. Magnolias, Japanese Maples, with other choice Trees and Shrubs. P^CONIES — A large collection of the finest in cul- tivation. Hardy Perennials, Phloxes, Japan- ese Iris, Roses, Clematis, etc. New and Stand- ard Fruits, etc. •J-Catalogues on application. JOHN SAUL, Washington, D. C. BLOOMINQTON (Phoenix) NURSERY. . . . 600 Acres. Thirteen Greenhouses. Trees # Plants We offer a large and fine stock of every description of Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Roses, Vines, Small Fruits, Hedge Plants. Fruit and Forest Tree Seedlings. Priced Catalogue mailed tree. Established 1852. PHOENIX NURSERY COMPANY, (Sue. to Sidney Tuttle & Co.) lilooinLugton, HI. When writing mention Gardening i84o. OLD COLONY NURSERIES. '896. Hardy Shrubs, Trees, Vines, Ever= greens and Perennials A large and fine stock of well-rooted plants, grown in a sandy loam. Good plants, best sizes for planting; very cheap. Priced Catalogue free on application. B. M. WATSON, Plymouth. Mass. PLEASE MENTION GARDENING WHEN WRITING TO ADVERTISERS. HENRY A. DREER'S Autumn Catalogue Now Ready FREE TO ALL APP LICANTS A handsome book of 4S pages, with beautiful lithographed covers, describing and illustrating all that is best in BULBS with full cultural directions for Hyacinths, Narcissus, Tulips, Lilies, etc., etc. XoTi-:.— To all purchasers of Bulbs will be sent, free, a ropy of our Garden Calendar, issued January, i HENRY A. DREER 714 Chestnut Street When writing mention Gardening. TREES FRUIT AND ORNAMENTAL. ELLWANGER & BARRY, Mount Hope Nurseries, ROCHESTER, N. Y. Small Fruits, Grapes Shrubs, Roses, Evergreens, Hardy Plants. LARGEST AND CHOICEST COLLECTIONS IN AMERICA. New Catalogue, beautifully illustrated. Free to regular customers, to others 10c. lor postage. Established over Half a Century ago. When writing mention Gardening. THE STORRS & HARRISON CO., PAINESVILLE, LAKE CO., OHIO. occupy the most favorable location between the oceans for the production of healthy nursery stock, extending one and a half miles along the banks of Lake Erie, ft is conceded that their facilities are unsurpassed and that there is no better place in the United States for nursery- men and florists to sort up, dealers to pack or planters "to order from. The aim of the Storrs & Harrison Co. be- ing to carry a full, complete line of Fruit and Ornamental Trees. Shrubs, Roses, Bulbs, Greenhouse Plants, Etc. Their annual production of Roses exceeds three quarters of a million and their budding of Peach last season was939,122, other fruits are grown in proportion. Can supply hundreds of car loads of Ornamentals. Cor- respondence and personal inspection solicited. Catalogues free. 43rd year, 1000 acres, 29 greenhouses. Address as above, box 308 When writing mentlun'GurdenlnR. Andorra Nurseries 90 Acres of well=grown Trees, Shrubs, Roses and Fruit WILLIAM WARNER HARPER, manager, Chestnut Hill, PHILA., PA. SPECIALTIES: LARGE \ Specimen Ornamental Trees, \ Hardy Rhododendrons and Azaleas When writing mention Gardening. 14 GARDENING. Sept. is, The Vegetable Garden. CORN, EARLY GOLDEN YELLOW. Coming just after the extra early sweet corns and excelling in quality any sort ripening before it is the Early Golden Yel- low. This corn for table use is delicious, very sweet and of superior richness, while its golden yellow grains are distinct and attractive. We purchased it last year from Tliorburn & Co. but did not plant it till this year. The firm did not list it in this season's catalogue, neither have I noticed it in any other. It is to be hoped that so valuable a variety will not be lost as have been several other good strains of seed. Following immediately aftcrthe Golden Yellow the following varieties came on in close succession in the order here named: Crosby, Pee and Kay, Moore's Concord, Stabler's Early, Shaker Early, Potter's Excelsior, Clark's None- such and New Everbearing, Amber Cream, Hickox, Early Mammoth, Asylum, Tri- umph and Egyptian. These sorts gave us corn for the table for a fortnight, using a different variety each day. We are now enjoying the Country Gentleman. This and the Golden Yellow arc the two best in quality that I have named. Sii.as L. Albertson. Market Gardener, Long Island, August 22, '96. NEW MALTA SQUASH. I received eightseeds of the"New Malta Squash" from Mr. Wood. They were planted at the same time 1 planted other varieties, but two of theseedsgerminated and these have made a prodigious growth, alas, however, no fruit set until about three weeks ago and the largest of these is about four inches in diameter and we expect a frost most any time now. J. E. Prior. Moosup, Conn., September 7, 1896. If we remember aright all of the seeds we had germinated well, at anvrate we have a good many plants, and "you just ought to see them grow," some of them are 40 feet across. Though slow to set fruit at first they are now forming squashes very freely and three or four of these are to be big enough to give us Malta squash pie for Thanksgiving, frost or no frost. No doubt it requires too long a season to be desirable for cultiva- tion in the northern states, but we think it is just right for the south and Califor- nia. And we sincerely thank Mr. Wood for his kind and unselfish generosity in distributing some 700 packages of seeds of this squash free of charge or any c m- mercial interest whatevr, among our people. Although Queen Charlotte still ranks among the gold-edged cannas as Madame Crozy does among the scarlets, we have one that is decidedly better than it, but the raiser who sent it to us for trial has not vet named it. Yellow Cannas. — Wintzer's Yellow is absolutely pure yellow, without a streak or a spot, and it has the largest petals of any of the pure yellows we have seen. We had a strong plant in bloom at Dosoris last summer. SITUATION WANTBD-A imrdener. well experl- e ' '■'! In the cultivation uf flowers and veiietttbles Knows the care of greenhouses and frames. Middle aye. Good recommendations. Gentleman b place preferred. Is a good landscape gardener. Address A B. care Chas. Everdlng. Branford, Conn. If you like Gardening please recom- mend it to vour friends. HORTICULTURAL BOOKS. We can supply any of the following books, postpaid, at the prices given: How to Grow Cut Flowers (Hunt). — The only book on the subject. It is a thoroughly reliable work by an eminently successful practical florist. Illustrated, $2.00. Greenhousc Construction (Taft) — It tells the whole story about how to build, and heat a greenhouse, be it large or small, and that too in a plain, easily un- derstood, practical way. It has 118 illustrations, $1.50. Bulbs and Tuberous Rooted Plants (Allen). — Over 300 pages and 75 illustra- tions. A new work by a specialist in this line. Tells about lilies, cannas, dahlias, hyacinths, tulips; and all manner of bulbs and how to grow them indoors and out- sides, summer and winter. $2.00. Mushrooms: How to Grow Them (Falconer). — The only American book on the subject, 29 illustrations. Written by a practical mushroom grower who tells the whole story so tersely and plainly that a child can understand it. This book has increased mushroom growing in this country three fold in three 3'ears. $1 .50. Success in Market Gardening (Raw- son). — Written by one of the most promi- nent and successful market gardeners in the country, and who has the largest glasshouses for forcing vegetables for market in America. Outdoor and indoor crops are treated. Illustrated, $1.00. The Rose (Ellwanger). — The standard work on roses in this country and written from a field affording the widest experi- ence in practical knowledge and opportu- nities for comparison, and where every variety of rose ever introduced is or has been grown. $1.25. The Biggi.e Berry Book (Biggie). — A condensed treatise on the culture of straw- berries, raspberics, currants and goose- berries; with truthful colored illustrations of 25 varieties of strawberries, 8 rasp- berries, 5 currants, and 5 gooseberries; 35 illustrations in black and white; and portraits of 33 of the most noted berry growers all over the country. 50cts. The Propagation of Plants (Fuller). — An illustrated book of about 350 pages. It tells us how to propagate all manner of plants, hardy and tender from an oak to a geranium, and describes every pro- cess — grafting, budding, cuttings, seed sowing, etc., with every manipulation pertaining to the subject It is the voice of practical experience, by one of the most brilliant horticulturists living. $1.50. Manures (Sempers). — Over 200 pages; illustrated. It tells all about artificial, farmyard and other manures, what they are and what they are good for, the dif- ferent manures for the different crops and the different soils, how to apply them, and how much to use and all in such a plain way that no one can misunderstand it. The author is an active, practical, horticultural chemist. 50 cents. Dictionary of Gardening (Nicholson). — An inimitable work. An encyclopaedia of horticulture. It is the ready book of reference for all cultivated plants, includ- ing the most obscure genera and species as well as the most familiar. It is stand- ard authority on nomenclature. An Eng- lish work but as much appreciated here as in Europe. Four volumes. $20.00. The Garden's Story (Ellwanger). — A ilclightlul book po traying the beauties and pleasures of gardening in the most fascinating style; itiseminently practical, and useful too, for the author loves, knows and grows the plants he writes about; and has a field for observation and practice second to none in the coun- try. Price $1.50. Fruits and Fruit Trees of America (Downing). $5.00. Fruit Garden (Barry) $2. 00. Small Fruit Culturist (Fuller). $1.50. Gardening for Profit (Henderson). $2.00. Practical Floriculture (Henderson). $1.50. On the Rose ( Parsons 1 $1.00. Truck Farming at the South (< lender). $1.50. Window Flower Garden (Heinrich).75c. Ornamental Gardening (Pong). $2.00- Art Out of Doors (Van Rensselaer) — Hints on good taste in gardening. $1 50. Tin; Flowers of Japan and the Art of Floral Arrangement. Colored and plain plates. (Conder.) $12 50. Sweet Scented Flowers and Fra- grant Leaves (McDonald I. A very in- teresting subject handled in a popular and masterly way. $1.50. Botanical Dictionary (Paxton). His- tory and culture of plants known in gar- dens. New and enlarged edition, $7.20. The Wild Garden (Robinson). How to make all outdoors beautiful, more espe- cially the wilder and rougher parts of the grounds about our homes, by the great- est master in that art. Splendidly illu - trated from life. $4.80. How to Know the Wild Flowers (Dana). Guide to the names, haunts and habits of our common Wild Flowers. Illustrated. $1.75. According to Season (Dana). — Talks about the Flowers in the order of their appearance in the woods or fields. $0.75. The English Flower Garden (Robin- son). — This is the best book on outdoor ornamental gardening extant. It deals with hard}' flowers of all kinds, and tells us how to grow them and how to plant them to secure the most perfect growth and charming results; it enumerates and describes most every plant of the kind worth growing; it has 832 paces and many hundreds of illustrations. Its author is the greatest master in orna- mental gardening who ever lived Price $6.00. Plant Breeding (Prof. Bailey) — Deals with variation in and crossing of pi nts, and the origin of garden varieties, etc., 293 pages. $1.00. The Horticulturist's Rule-Book (Prof. Bailey). — A compendium of useful information for all interested in fruit, vegetable or flowergrowing. 302 pages. 75 cents. The Soil (Prof. King). — Its nature, relations and fundamental principles of management, 303 pages. 75 cents. . . THE, GARDENING 60.. Monon BuildlnQ. Chicago. H ARDY ORNAMENTAL TREES, SHRUBS, VINES, EVER- GREENS, AND HARDY HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS. ' The finest general assortment of llardr Orna- mental Plants In America. Two hundred page I illustrated descriptive catalogue on applio*- | tion. Plana And estimates furnished. Send your list of needs for special rates. [THE READING NURSER Y, JACOB ^V. MANNING. Proprieto r, READING, MASS. When wrltlny mentlun GnrdeniriK. iSg6. GARDENING. J 5 JOHN C. MONINGER CO. Cypress WRITE Qreen= House F C ° A R TLG 4,2 Construction 422 Material. Hawthorne Ave., Chicago, 111. When writing mention Gardening. IF YOU LIKE GARDENING PLEASE RECOMMEND IT TO YOUR FRIENDS. VALVES, FITTINGS ' AND VENTILATING APPARATUS. GOL.DWELL- WILCOX CO., Newburgh. N. Y. PLEASE MENTION GARDENING WHEN WRITING TO ADVERTISERS. HITCHINGS & CO. I'sfuMishr.! 50 VeSLTi Horticultural Architects and Builders Ami Largest Manufacture s of GREENHOUSE HEATING AND VENTILATING APPARATUS. riES^ag 1 1 \g* st Award M mm* :^v — - -i ---Wv-r- ■ " '-' r -^ /, * .'--.:• ..""^T^".: ived at the World's Fair for Horticultural Architecture, (Jjeeuli'H.M Construction and Heating; A p prat us. Cnrservatorles, Greenhouses, Palm Houses, etc., erected complete with our Patent Iron Krame Construction. SEND FOCR CENTS FOB 1 LLUSTB ATEii CATALOGUES, *- 233 Hercer Street, NEW YORK CITY. M. H. HOOKER COHPANY, 57 and 59 West Randolph Street, CHICAGO. GLASS FOR GREENHOUSES.^*^ Plate, Window and Art Glass, Paints, Oils, Etc. Burpee's Seeds ARE THE BEST THAT GROW W. ATLEE BURPEE & CO., Philadelphia. Announcemen to Florists. _-^*ak. We desire to announce the dlssolut'on of the firm of St'pfle. Dopffel & Co.. and to introduce to the trade its BticceBsur. The Syracuse Pottery Co . which will be under the management of William Dopffel and conrad Breltschwerth. The business will be conducted as heretofore, except on a larger scale to meet the growing demand for our goods. We have accordingly enlarged our plant and capacity, and with unsurpassed facilities are now prepared to fill the largest order on short notice. Our latest Improved machines are turning out tne best and most serviceable flower pots in the market, and assuring you of our intention to lead in further Improvements, we solicit a continuance of your patronage in the belief that we can supply just what Is needed at a price and in a manner satisfactory to all. Send for price list and samples, and we know you will give us an order SYRACUSE POTTERY CO., Office 403 N. Salina St., SYRACUSE, N. Y. ■ IS MUCH MORE DURABtETHAN PINE. r^trTOEsi^i SASH BARS up to it FEET '» LENGTH «* LONGE R GREENHOUSE AND OTHE R BUILD1N6 M ATERIAL. SenaVfer eur Illustrated B00K "CYPRESS UJMBERAMofrsUSES." ^ Send ror-Sur Special fireenhousVCircul&r. I THe A.T. STeari^ Lumber (9 N eWnsei H &9ST9N, fo a&s ." [ PATENT BINDER AJTLE And Permanent Binding for Music, Periodicals.Photos of Goods, Samples of Fabries, etc. "■coj The Only Buffalo Fence. The late Austin Corbin firmly believed it to be the Page. He used it freely on his great park in New Hampshire, and when he donated half his herd of Buffalo to the city of New York, he attended person- ally to having our fence enclose them. Not every farmer owns buffalo, but no one objects to a strong fence. PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., Adrian, Mich. £%> ORCHIDS. 12 Best free growing and profuse flow- ering Orchids for amateurs, for 510.00. WH. MATHEWS, Utica, N. Y. PI. EASE MENTION GARDENING When you write an advertiser please state that you saw the adv. in Gardening. i6 GARDENING. Sept. 75, 'DON'T buy worthless nursery stock and WASTE many years of />■») valuable TIME waiting results 1^7 \ au< l finally lose your MONEY. But send to the IOON Company who have the FINEST NURSERY STOCK at Reasonable Prices. New Catalog for 1896. Send for one. Free. Estimates furnished. Correspondence solicited. THE WM. H. MOON COMPANY, Morrisville, Pa. When writing mention Gardening. FLOWER POTS. • STANDARD • You will make a mistake if you place your orders for flower pots this Spring without first receiving our estimates for same. Our plant is now the Largest In the World. Our stock unlimited. Our goods equaled by none. . . . A. H. HEWS & CO., North Cambridge, Mass. The OrlKinatore of the Standard Klower Pote. Our capacity now Is 12,000,000 Standard Flower Pots PER YEAR. A full line of Hull) Pans. Send for price list. THE WHILLDIN POTTERY COMPANY, 713 to 719 Wharton St.. Philadelphia. Pa. Branch Warehouses: Kearney & Westslde Aves., Jersey City. N. J. JackBon Ave. & Pearson St., Long Island City. N. Y. Kxtra lar^e Field Grown Plants of CRIMSON RAMBLER ROSE. Superior to greenhouse plants for Immediate effect One Dozen Hardy Field-grown Roses on their own roots. (8 white. 5 pink. 8 red, 3 maroon) and a Crimson Rambler for $4 50 Fair O aka Wursory, Flowering Shrubs. OAK PARK, ILL. IF YOU LIKE §aideh: PLEASE RECOMMEND ' IT TO YOUR FRIENDS. LORD & BURNHAM CO., Horticultural Architects ^p Builders, STEAM AND HOT WATER HEATING ENGINEERS. , - . Plans and estimates furnished on application. . . • • • Largest builders of Greenhouse Structures. Six highest Awards at the World's Fair. ^"Send Four Cents Postage for Illustrated Catalogue. LORD & BURNHAM CO., ^g&StSEl .«« «.. Factory: Irvington-on-Hudson, IN. Y. NEW YORK CITY. "WENT LIKE HOT CAKES"-our Art Catalogue of Hot Water and Steam Heaters for conserva- tories and other buildings.-** Not a single copy of first edition left. ^ New edition ready — costs you nothing. jx -Jt both those requ i rec ] f or Sa^gVungtenana plants'. '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 18 Christmas and for Easter flowers. Those Hyacinths and ixias 18 required for earlv use will soon be brought How to propagate gloxinias 19 j ndoors to warmth, and those for late Ferneiy at Chicago (Ulus ) 19 ^ < ORCHIDS. J Vanda ccerulea 20 A DWARF FORM 0F VICTORIA REGIA — A T ^? F '- ow , E:R garden. diminutive form of the Amazon royal The Boston Public Garden 20 . . ,. J Questions about flowers 21 water lily was one of the curious things Monster auratum lily bulbs 22 we saw in Prospect Park, Brooklyn, the A golden glory coreopsis 22 otner day. Its leaves were perfect Vic- vi'nes^gainst'a board fence' '. '. '. '. '. '. '. '. '. '. 22 toria leaves but only about 2 feet wide, Fairmount Park, Philadelphia (illus ) 23 but its flower buds were a puzzle, thev Potash makes begonias bloom 23 were SO mewhat different from those of Rockv Mountain blue columbine 23 , u*~ir . ■ t»i- i i Porch decoration 2:! the big \ ictoria. The plant when we saw Meadow beauty 24 it was in full foliage and had flower buds Centaurea Americana . . 24 but no open blossoms, and it was grow- trees and shrubs. ; n g j n a tank Wlt h } ts D jg namesake. Mr. sfasofable ornamental shrubs'. '.'. '.'.'. ! \ \ » Pettigrew got it from Mr. Tricker. Questions about trees and shrubs 21 Crataegus slugs— Aphis 25 Is.N T IT AWFUL, remarked a neighbor clerodendron fceudutn 25 to us one day as we stood by a field hip- . ., ,,.,. AQD .£ TI r S ;, os high with ragweed, white weed, fox tail, Planting pond I.Iks, n the fall 25 b £ d k ^ ' d other weed ..^ EDITORIAL. , , T , ,, , ,. ' Notes 26 what can 1 do, the owner doesn t care a John Chinaman as a gardener (illus.) 27 cent how it looks, he is simplv holding on Young lady gardeners in bloomers 28 to the ground knowing its appreciation Roses-Clematis . . . ^ 28 in vaIue and our , a wns have ^ to suffer How I grow greenhous*e UI melous 28 from infestment from those seeds." Some mushrooms. days afterthat we again met him; 'Well, Growing mushrooms in summer 28 I couldn't stand it any longer so I hired a miscellaneous. reaping machine and mowed down the American Dahlia Society 30 weeds in that pest field; it was the easiest way out of the difficulty." Peanuts at Home.— At Mr. Dean's we were also interested in a patch of peanuts in his garden. They looked no: unlike some rows of dwarf snap beans. After flowering, the pods as soon as they begin to form reach down to the ground and bury theyselves in the earth and assume a tuber-like behavior. Getting a fork he dug up some plants for us, and they were well laden with solid "nuts." That is a Frauenheim (a home of a woman). — When I removed the wrapper from Gardening of September 1, and saw the front page picture, and before I read anything I exclaimed. "That is a Frauen- heim!" and truly I was not mistaken, and there she sits on the balcony too. It is my ideal of a home creation. Mrs. Wilhelmina Seliger. Hartford, Conn. Flower-bed designs. — We may decry formal flower bedding all we wish to, but in popular public gardens, more or less of it has got to be done, therefore let us do it as neatly and prettily as we can. It will help us greatly another year if we make designs ot the beds we now have, no matter how crudely these tracings may be and note the materials with which they are filled, and the fitness or unfitness of the several plants used in their make-up. Also note your neighbors' beds and the behavior of the plants in them. The memory is treacherous, better trust to your note book. The "single-flowered" hvdrangea paniculata was the most showy and conspicuous shrub in bloom in the Boston gardens when we were there Sept. 18-19. The "double" grandiflora form was fast fading, but this "single" one was in its prime, and really a more elegant flower than its bigger and stiffer "double" form. Of course this "single" one is the typical or wild form, but that doesn't detract from its merits. There are two forms of it however, one that blooms and is nearly over before the "double" one comes in, and this other that succeeds the "double" one. Be sure you get all three. Raising Nvmph.eas from seed. — Near the margins of the water lily ponds in Prospect Park, Brooklyn, we noticed sev- eral flower pots filled with soil, and sunk almost to their brim in the water, with a pane of glass over them. "What have you got there?" we asked Mr. Pettigrew. "Oh, those are our seedling nympha^as," he replied. "We save seed from some of the earliest flowers, and sow it at once, and sow it in this way, and the seedlings come up right away and we get a good start with them be- fore the winter sets in. We can keep them in small space over winter, pot them off singly in spring and get fine flowering stock for next year." Brains at a Discount. — The editor of Gardening World suggests that no doubt the name "Ice King" as applied to a cer- tain low-growing, large, white flowered rEiiothera or "evening primrose" was originally a mistake or misspelling of the word "evening" by the label writer; or it might have been due to a slip of memory after once having heard the name." After laying awake for a whole blessed night trying to think of a good catchy English name for that little Oenothera, and decid- ing on "Ice King," and then have 3'ouget up and tell us it must have been an acci- dent is more than one of our leading flo- rists is likely to appreciate. No, indeed, "Ice King" was a well studied "accident" for profit. The Tree Iw (Hedera Helix var. ar- horescens) is the common tree ivy of Europe. While the common ivy clings close to the trees or walls to which it at- taches itself, its tree form throws out stout woody branches in fact not unlike the way in which our poison ivy branches out. Of course these branches are leafy and evergreen. It is not as a clinging ivy that we value this plant but as an ever- green dwarf shrub, and although it is slow growing it is very pretty, and it bears a profusion of greenish yellow flow- ers late in summer, and as these raise well above the foliage and are quite numerous the heads are quite showy. There is a growing demand for this ivy for park purposes, and some "wide-awake" flor- ists are pushing its propagation. Drip in greenhouses. — Noteitnowand have it attended to. Rain drip is bad enough but it is nothing like so injurious as ice drip. It is most apt to occur along muntings, and crossbars, and the valleys in the roof, and especially along the under line of the ventilators. This drip drop- ping day after day on a plant will destroy the sturdiest ironclad in cultivation. It has perforated holes in our Victoria leaves, rotted the crowns of tree ferns, spotted the palms, and so on; it is a hidden and often unsuspected foe, but never an inno- cent one. See that the glazing is tight, that proper channels are prepared for the ready escape down the sashbars cf the drip, and that galvanized gutters are fixed up under the valleys; in lact do any- thing that your ingenuity can suggest to stop the evil. The Boston Fern, or as some people call it, the Boston Sword fern, is one of the best, most vigorous and satisfactory i8q6. GARDENING. 27 $m AH WING. A CHINESE GARDENER IN CALIFORNIA. ferns that can be grown for pot, bracket or basket work in dwelling houses, and its fronds last long and well when cut. Its botanical name is Nepbrolepis exal- tata var. Bostoniensis. It isafast grower making many fronds from 12 to 30 inches long and throwing out a large number of thread-like stolons that when they touch ground take root and start into new plants. Although Boston had a monop- oly of this fern for a long time its fame has got beyond the Hub and now it is being grown by thousands in other towns; in one florist's place in New York we visited the other day he had four large span-roofed greenhouses entirely filled with this fern and he was pretty happy over it. Dirty pots in the greenhouse. — A gentleman, an enthusiastic beginner in gardening, was walking through the con- servatories with us the other day when he stopped, and pointing to some half- dirty pots, remarked: "What of all this talk in the paper about having ones flower pots kept so clean, clean both in- side and out, and see these pots are dirty, they are covered with green?" Now every flower pot in that greenhouse had been washed clean three weeks before then, and at that time they were only half-dirty, but the point struck right home and next morning was wash-day in that compartment. Some pots, by rea- son of the earth within them being kept wetter than in others, get green sooner than the others do; look out for such and wash them twice as often as you do the others, else you too may be "called over the coals." No Yankee Corn or Pumpkin Pie for me is the outcry of a happy Briton in the Gardeners' Chronicle. He writes "As to the green cobs * * delectable as they may be to Canadians and citizens of the United States, they do not take on here at all. We have a wonderful wealth of fine vegetables in this country, far be3'ond what America can furnish, hence there is less need here for such a vegetable. * The British people ar no more attracted by green corn cobs than by pumpkin pies." Such darkness and corruption of palate! The Americans are satisfied to eat the corn, they don't care to tackle the cob. When it comes to pumpkin pie, though why, bless you, man, you know not whereof you speak, but how could you? You never were in America and never tasted an American pie, so we pity you. Sub rosa stick to potatoes and myosotis, you know a good deal more about them than you do about sweet corn or pumpkin pie. Old well rotted cow manure. — "What soil do you use for those chrysan- themums?" asked a visitor here the other day. Sod loam and some old cow manure," we remarked. ' Good," he replied, "that's just what I want to see. I've been trying to get old, well-rotted, cow manure since a couple of years, and have the greatest difficulty in finding it so I would like to see what your's is like." We lifted a handful of the soil with some lumps of manure in it and showed it to him, when a painful look of disap- pointment spread over his face. "Why," he exclaimed, "I can get lots of stuff like that. I thought it had to be dry, earthy line, many years' old stuff!" No, no, that idea is wrong. Cow manure is old enough, and rotten enough for pottingor other compost purposes, as soon as it is free enough to handle, to chop up and mix up with soil, without being pasty; just as soon as it loses that wet, sticky nature of fresh manure it is old enough lor garden pot purposes. Dipladenias —We wish to call your at- tention to our fine pictures of these splen- did tropical vines in this issue. These pictures are half-tones engravtd from photographs, hence they are the absolute truth; the}' show the plants and flowers just as they existed with their every per- fection and ever}- fault. We have a rea- son for noting this: Some years ago a prominent American gentleman who knew plants well, and loved them and who owned a large collection of them, both hardy and tender, saw a most fas- cinating picture of dipladenias as grown at Sion House, England, in one of the London horticultural journals, and as he was on the eve of visiting Europe, when he got to London he made a special jour- ney to Sion House to see that plant, and when he saw it he was bitterly disap- pointed. The picture showed a plant of luxuriant growth, lull and perfect foliage and having an extravagant crop of big open blossoms, it was a wood cut made from a doctored drawing; the plant itself was only of common merit and nothing like as good as shown in the picture. JOHN GfllNflMflN AS GARDENER. China is called the "Flowery Kingdom," and it would naturally be supposed that Chinamen would make good gardeners. During the many years in which I have been interested in floriculture in California 1 have had opportunitiestocompare their abilities with those of various other na- tionalities. The latter, however, have come and gone, but Ah Wing, represented in the picture, has remained with me. He has his peculiarities and imperfections and sometimes is a little sulk}-, but he is industrious, faithful and reliable. He never wastes any time and is always willing to follow instructions. He takes as much interest in the place as if it be- longed to him, and to have things "high- toned" is his ambition. He is much dis- tressed if anything goes wrong. He came to me several years ago, a common unskilled laborer, having been field-hand, miner, cook, vegetable gar- dener, etc., I engaged him for two orthree weeks' work, and liked him. At the end of that time he came to me and said: "I heap likee work for vou. I likee work for you long time. No likee change." His "No likee change" pleased me. I deter- mined to give him a trial, and have never regretted it. He said, after I engaged him, "You look see some man, workee heap good. You no look see, he heap lazy. I no that way. I work alle same you no look, no lazy tall." He has no patience with Uzy men. He has twice left my employ for a few weeks, once to raise beans forhimself, and once because he became most too impor- tant, but his anxiety to return both times "was so great that I took him back, for I missed his faithful and intelligent service. He is very slight and thin, not weighing over one hundred pounds, and is not able to do heavy work, but he does all the irrigating, waters greenhouses and lath- houses, gathers and cleans seeds, sets out plants, superintends the other Chinamen when I have Chinese help, and can be trusted to do well anything he under- stands Not long since after gathering som 28 GARDENING. Oct. i, grasses for decoration, he brought them to me to receive instructions where to put them, as seen in the illustration. He was utterly unconscious of his unusual ap- pearance, but looked so picturesque with the dainty grasses hung over him that I sent him to the photographer. He de- lights in having his picture taken, and while he was indulging in a delighted grin the artist caught it unawares, before he could assume his usual dignified ex- pression. T. B. S. YOUNG LADY GARDENERS IN BLOOMERS. When I was in London a few weeks ago I went out one day to see the Royal Bo- tanic Gardens at Kew, and how I wish you had been there too, for it surely is the greatest plant repository in the "world. Oh the innumerable variety of plants that is there, outside and inside, every kind of plant that one can think of is there and hosts I never heard of before, let alone ever saw. But there wasn't a plant in all the broad acres of Kew or its villages of glass houses that interested me more than did the young lady gardeners there! Young, bright, pretty, active and inter- ested, there they were a-hoeing among the plants in the herbaceous grounds, watering the pots in the greenhouses, propagating in the pits and doing all manner of professional work that the young men gardeners were doing, and neat and natty were they at it too. But they wore bloomers— blue bloomers, with 1 irge apron fronts, light colored waists, and stiff straw hats. They are young lady graduates from the horticultural school at Swanley, in Kent, and I am in- formed are at Kew taking a finishing course in practical horticulture and sys- tematic botany. That they are hand- some young women I allow, that their chosen avocation is one of the noblest, purest, and most inters stiug on earth I know to be the truth, then why cannot they do as good work and be as useful in the garden in women's clothes as in the pseudo-garb of men? Kew, oh Kew, give them back their petticoats! Boston, Sept. 18, '96. J. K. M. L. F. ROSES-GLEMflTIS. C.F.D., Keokuk, Iowa, asks: 1. "When is the best time for setting out 2 year old hybrid tea roses?" .4ns. About the middle of April in Iowa. 2. "Name a few good hybrid tea roses." Ans. Augustine Guinoiseau, white, slightly tinged with flesh; Duchess of Albany, deep, rich pink; La France, sil- very rose; Madame Caroline Testout, clear pink rose; Meteor, velvety c imson; Pink Rover, pale pink; and Souvenir de Wootton, rich red. 3. "Name 6 best everblooming climb- ing roses." Ans. There is no rose hardy in Iowa that is everblooming. 4. 'Best time totransplant established clematis plants?" Ans. As soon as the ground is mellow in spring. HoRSECHESTNUT TREE LEAVES BURNING in summer.— In answer to S. A. H., Indi- ana, would say, that one of the draw- backs to the horse chestnut is leaf disease and early denudation. A deep, rich soil, well drained but with considerable moist- ure in summer suits the tree very well and tends to the health and retention of its foliage. What ails the individual you speak of we are unable to say; if it is a fungoid disease, better submit some of the diseased leaves to a fungus specialist, such as Dr. Byron D. Halsted, New Brunswick, N. J., or to the Agricultural Department at Washington. Fruits. HOW I GROW GREENHOUSE MELONS. To grow the English varieties of melons a greenhouse is needed; we get good crops of them with very little trouble. The greenhouses being about empty in summer we devote one of them to melon growing. The English melons for beauty and high flavor are far superior to the common run of field-grown melons. I start the seeds about the 15th of April and have ripe fruit by the first of August. The seeds are planted in a 3-inch pot, three seeds to a pot, and after the seed- lings come up one of them is pulled out and the two s rongest ones left; after they are well rooted they are ready to be planted. I make small compartments of brick on the benches using eight bricks, two deep edgeways; in these little com- partments the soil is put, consisting of three parts loam to one of old cow ma- nure, putting a layer of rough sods in bottom for drainage. When this com- partment is full of roots, move the bricks out about six inches away from the roots using more bricks (but no higher than two deep), then fill in the space with more of the same compost, using it in a rougher state, chopped sods are good. When this again is full of roots more soil may be given, but it is best to wait till after the fruit is well set and has started to swell. This last soiling may be of a richer na- ture and move the bricks out this time at least a foot. When the roots begin to come to the top give a top dressing of loam and manure in equal parts. Manure water in their last stages of growth will help them g eatly. These melons must have something to run on. We use screw eyes nine inches long, screwing them into the rafters about a foot apart, using five screws to each rafter, that will give the melon vines about six feet to run on and when they run to the top of that nip the ends ofl the vines, in the screw-eyes run wires all the length of the house and tie the vines to them, also cut out all the weak shoots that start from the main vine, if there is no fruit on them. But as it is upon these little side vines the fruit is, it is best to leave them till the fruit is set before cut- ting out the blind ones. Eight melons to each compartment will be enough, that will be four to each plant. Keep the vines tied up to the wires; they will need going over mostly every day as they grow fast when they once start. Don't neglect to give them plenty water, they will take it most every day and when water is given give enough till it runs through the bottom of the bench. In their young state give them a good syringing morning and evening. When they begin to show their flowers the syringing should be stopped till after the fruit is set, but in all hot days keep the floor of the house continuously moist, else red spider will be sure to appear. Melons grown in thegreenhouseneed to be fertilized by hand, although bees are sometimes plentiful in the greenhouse, it is best not to trust altogether to them. I generally go over the flowers on all bright days. The most simple way to do is to remove the male flower picking off the petals and then dip it into the other blos- som. Nip out the end of all the lateral shoots or vines that have truit on them two leaf joints beyond the lruit, that will cause the fruit to swell faster. When the melons are quite large give them some support or they may break thevinedown. I use bass matting, running it around the melons and tying them up the wires. The fruit when ripe will break away from the stem, they can then be put away for a few days and then they are ready for the table. The wire and screws can then be taken out and stored away for another year to give room for your winter plants. David Fraser. Mahwah, N J. Mushrooms. GROWING MUSHROOMS IN SUMMER. I wish to know if there is any kind of mushroom spawn that can be planted on the ordinary lawn so that mushrooms will grow freely there. The common meadow mushroom, Agaricuscampestris, grows quite plentifully in the fields here- about, wherever manure has been spread. If spawn will grow under the above con d tions, what kinds is to be preferred, where can it be obtained, and how and when should it be planted? Would par- tial shade or full sun, a damp or a dry spot in the lawn be better? (2.) Can the mushroom be made to grow at other times than in late summer or early fall? Chevy Chase, Md. C ~H. V. The cultivation of mushrooms in the open lawn is a precarious job and not at all a matter of certainty. Select an o jen lawn or such a place as you would find wild mushrooms growing in, and in Mav, if the weather is dry, plant a lot of good, English brick spawn in it, placing the pieces of spawn two to three inches under the surface of the soil, tamping down the soil on top of spawn. Or, better still, cut and rem ve a piece of sod a foot square or thereabout, and dig out a good spade- ful of earth, and fill up the hole with drv horse droppings tamped down very solid; into this put a piece of spawn and lav on the sod again. If the summer is moder- ately dry you are apt to get a good crop of mushrooms in late summer or fall; if the summer is very wet, the spawn is apt to rot and the crop miss; still we have known the unexpected to happen in this summer crop. You can get good spawn from Dreer or other seedsmen advertising in Gardening. 2. Yes, mushrooms under special condi- tions can be grown everyday in the year, but during the summer months they be- come so infested with maggots that we find it does not pay to cultivate them ar- tificially. "Then how about the wild mushrooms, why aren't they maggotv?" you may ask. On that point you had better ask no question forconscience sake; instead, take up a two days' open wild mushroom and break it apart, every little pin hole you see in its flesh is a maggot hole. But these little maggots are not poisonous at all, nor do they detract in the least from the flavor ol the esculent. OITUATION WANTKII-A Hardener, well experl- O euced In the cultivation of flowers and vegetables Knows the care of greenhouses and frames. Middle age. Good recommendations. Gentleman s p ace preferred. Is a good landscape gardeoer. Address A B. care Chas. Everdlng. Hranford. t onn. HARDY ORNAMENTAL TREES, SHRUBS, VINES, EVER- ^ »„,.., „,,„ .„„ r , mf „, „,„„,„ „ r „.. II GREENS, AND HARDY HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS. S^^d^X^S^^pSE I tion. Plana and estimates furnished. Send your list of needs for special rater | THE READING NIKSKRY, JACOB ^V. MANNING, Proprietor, RKAIHNG, MASS i8g6. GARDENING. 29 Tbe choicest MAGNOLIAS, APANESE NAPLES ! 22^1^ TREES J SHRUBS are accurately de- scribed iu our New Catalogue. Profusely illustrated, including three lithographs. Contains prices of large and small iy "\^ ^ ^«ns^s». trees, speci- / V?'P mens for immediate effect; \*> and special prices for qu-autt- \ties. A Guide to Tree Plant- j lug. The most complete catalogue of its I kind ever published. 6 cents in stamps. [ THOS. MEEHAN & SONS, (..« 1 -ma 11 to \\ 11, Philadelphia. New, Rare and Beautiful Plants Lord Penzance's new hybrid Sweet Briars. Old Garden Roses; New Roses; Standard Roses. Philadelphia Lemoinei; New Lilacs; Lonicera Hildebrandtii; Spiraea "Anthony Waterer." A large collection of rare hothouseand greenhouse plants, Anthuriums, Alocacias, Orchids, etc. Rare Conifers and other beautiful Evergreens. Magnolias, Japanese Maples, with other choice Trees and Shrubs. PyfzONIES— A large collection of the finest in cul- tivation. Hardy Perennials, Phloxes, Japan- ese Iris, Roses, Clematis, etc. New and Stand- ard Fruits, etc. O-Catalogues on application. JOHN SAUL, Washington, D. C. FLORA of JAPAN & CALIFORNIA Chinese Narcissus over 100 varieties of Lily Bulbs, Camel ias. Palms, etc HARDY PLANTS. Japan Maples, ris K.. C*ematis. Cacti, Flower Seeds and seeds of the most interesting and ful plants of California and Japan, for our richly Illustrated Catalogue of 4S pages ful] descriptions of above. BERCER & CO., San Francisco, Cat. (.Established 1878 I beauti Send Klvlnjj H. H. BLOOMINOTON (Phoenix) NURSERY. . . . 600 Acres. Thirteen Greenhouses. Trees m Plants We offer a large and fine stock of every description of Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Roses, Vines, Small Fruits, HedK© Plants, Fruit and Forest Tree Seedlings. Priced Catalogue mailed free. Established 1852. PHOENIX NURSERY COMPANY, (Sue. to Sidney Tuttle * Co.) Bloomington, 111. When writing mention Gardening '840. OLD COLONY NURSERIES. '896. Hardy Shrubs, Trees, Vines, Ever= greens and Perennials A large and fine stock of well-rooted plants, grown in a sandy loam. Good plants, best sizes for planting; very cheap. Priced Catalogue free on application. B. M. WATSON, Plymouth, Mass. BARGAINS IN Send 10 cts. in stamps for Illustrated Catalogue. We beat the world. Box 2, Cood &. Reese Co., Springfield, O. FLOWERS PLEASE MENTION GARDENING WHEN WRITING TO ADVERTISERS. HENRY A. DREER'S Autumn Catalogue Now Ready FREE TO ALL APP LICANTS A handsome book of 48 pages, with beautiful 1 thographed covers, describing and illustrating a'l that is best in BULBS with full cultural directions for -a^ Hyacinths, Narcissus, Tulips, Lilies, etc., etc, Noti -To all purchaser-, of Bulbs will he Miit. free, ,i copy of <»ur < harden i. .ilcudar, issued January, 1897 HENRY A. DREER 714 Chestnut Street PHILADELPHIA, PA. When writing mention Gardening. Small Fruits, Grapes Shrubs, Roses, Evergreens, Hardy Plants. LARGEST AND CHOICEST COLLECTIONS IN AMERICA. New Catalogue, beautifully illustrated. Free to regular customers, to others 10c. lor postage. T REES FRUIT AND ORNAMENTAL. ELLWANGER & BARRY, Mount Hope Nurseries, ROCHESTER, N. Y. Established over Half a Century ago. When writing mention Gardening. THE STORRS & HARRISON CO., PAINESVILLE, LIKE CO., OHIO. ,,r occupy the most favorable location between the oceans " for the production of healthv nursery stock, extending one and a half miles along the banks of Lake Erie. It is conceded that their facilities are unsurpassed and that there is no better place in the United States for nursery- men and florists to sort up, dealers to pack or planters to order from. The aim of the Starrs & Harrison Co. be- ing to carry a full, complete line of Fruit and Ornamental Trees. Shrubs, Roses, Bulbs, Greenhouse Plants, Etc. Their annual production of Roses exceeds three quarters of a million and their budding of Peach last season was939,122, otherfruits are grown in proportion. Can supply hundreds of car loads of Ornamentals. Cor- respondence and personal inspection solicited. Catalogues free. 43rd year, 1000 acres, 29 greenhouses. Address as above, box 308 When writing mention Gardening. Andorra Nurseries 90 Acres of welI=grown Trees, Shrubs, Roses and Fruit WILLIAM WARNER HARPER, Hanager, Chestnut Hill, PH1LA., PA. SPECIALTIES: ( Specimen Ornamental Trees, ' \Hardy Rhododendrons and Azaleas When wrltlnp mention Gardening. 30 GARDENING. Oct. /, THE AlHBRlGflN DAHLIA SOCIETY. Last year a few lovers of the dahlia or- ganized a society for the purpose of en- couraging the cultivation of this very beautiful flower. Their first exhibition took place at St. George's Hall, Philadel- phia, recently and was a great success. To all, the dahlias were a surprise, and more than 500 varieties were shown. It was plain to be seen that the public ap- preciates the departure from the stiff ball form of the old dahlia to the newer, looser and more graceful cactus forms. Among these were found the gems of the show. Wm. Agnew, a new variety, was the largest flower exhibited and attracted un- iversal attention owing to its size, fine shape and bright color — a deep dazzling scarlet; the petals are long and beautifully twisted. Clifford W. Bruton was considered the best yellow cactus dahlia, the flowers are 6 inches in diameter, perfectly full to the center and of a solid pure yellow. Mrs. W. H. Mavle took the prize as the best new seedling entered in competition. It is of cactus-decorative form and of bright crimson color, shading towards purplish blue. La France, also a new dahlia, was awarded first prize as the best pink. Nymph.ea was shown in abundance, proving it to be a favorite. Taking in mind its many good points it is undoubtedly the best dahlia in this country. While not a true cactus dahlia, it is classed as such, it is really a decorative form. It can best be compared to a "pink water lily with one hundred petals." Two prizes were awarded to it. Snow Clad, a very pretty pompon, took a premium as the best white of that class. Frank Smith, an old variety, come in first as the best tipped one. Oban got first prize as the largest flower shown, butit was exceeded in size by Wm. Agnew, which was not entered for size. The great feature of the show was a floral design made of dahlias representing an immense shield, in the center of which was represented a huge dahlia, each petal of which was a full size flower of La France, the whole resting on a "field of dahlias." The piece receivedasilvcrmedal and was exhibited by Mr. Wm.H. Maule. [As we did not see the "piece" we cannot give an intelligent opinion about it, but we would ask what useful lesson did it teach? Dahlias are such substantial, last- ing flowers that we can make most any design out of their blossoms, but, good land! isn't such a use a desecration of this noble old flower? Away with your "de- signs" and give us dahlias in all* their glory with long and leafy stems and in open array. The cactus dahlia has gained in favor because of its more artistic make- up as compared with the globular stiff- ness of old favorites; and the single flow- ered dahlias, as cut flowers, are preferred to any because of their less formal shape, and greater intrinsic beauty. — Ed.] From the treat interest shown by the public in their exhibition it is safe to as- sume that dahlias will be grown exten- sively next year. Among the many the exhibitors were Wm. H. Maule, W. P. Peacock, A. Blanc & Co., W. Atlee Burpee & Co., H. G. Faust & Co., Henry F. Michell, Taylor Brothers, who showed a sweet-scented single dahlia, and others. The Cornell University of Ithaca, New York, showed over 250 varieties of dahlias. A. Blanc. n Fr W * * * * 60MM0N SENSE FflGTS! % % % % For Agriculturists and Home Owners. First. Every business man, every farmer, and every working man (and they are all working men, whether working with hands or brains) wants and should have/»// value for his work. Second. The gold standard is recognized as the basis of actual value in all of the civilized nations of the earth. Th i rd . In any and all markets of the world to-day it takes 30 pounds of silver to buy one pound of gold. Now, Fourth. Why, oh! why, should a few (less than 100) mine owneisask any reader of this paper, as a con- scientious voter, to allow them an unlimited coinage and insist on the Government stamp being put upon it, at the ratio 16 pounds to i .' What does this mean? It simply means an enormous profit to them (the few) and a big loss to every producer. The American Voter Must Think! and if he thinks, he will not vote for unlimited free silver. Fifth. The present limited or restricted coinage is all right, and to-day $i in silver will buy ioo cents' worth; but with unlimited coinage a silver dollar will be worth only its weight in metal — or about 50 cents to the dollar. Do you, reader, want to work at this proportion or sell your products, whether of your farm, your hands, or your brains, on this reduced basis? Not if you have common sense ! Put on Your Thinking Cap ! A Vote for McKinley and Hobart with a Gold Dollar Basis will be the thing! i8g6. • ' GARDENING. 3i JOHN G. MONINGER GO. Cypress WRITE Green=House F ° A R TLG 412 Construction 42 2 Material. Hawthorne Ave., Chicago, 111. IF YOU LIKE GARDENING PLEASE RECOMMEND IT TO YOUR FRIENDS. The Smith Premier Typewriter Company, whose typewriter is now so well and favor- ably known, is constantly endeavoring to make typewriting easier and more practical. They have within the past year placed upon the market the new No. 2, 3 and 4, contain- ing new and useful improvements, such as are not to be found in those of other manu- facture. These new machines are by far the best mechanically constructed, conse- quently the most durable, easily operated and simplest writing machines on the mar- ket. Beginners like them because they are simple and easy to learn; experts because they are faster and more accurate; employers because they are durable and least expensive. The office of the Smith Premier Typewriter Company is at No. 154 Monroe street, Chicago. PLEASE MENTION GARDENING WHEN WRITING TO ADVERTISERS. HITCHINGS & CO. Established r.O Years. Horticultural Architects and Builders And Largest Manufacturers of GREENHOUSE HEATING AND VENTILATING APPARATUS. The llim hi Award Received at the World's Fair for Horticultural Architecture, Greenhouse Construction and Heating Appratus. Conservatories, Greenhouses, Palm Houses, etc., erected complete with our Patent Iron Frame Construction. SEND FOUR CENTS FOR ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUES. m— 233 fiercer Street, NEW YORK CITY. H. H. HOOKER COflPANY, 57 and 59 West Randolph Street, CHICAGO. GLASS FOR GREENHOUSES.. Plate, Window and Art Glass, Paints, Oils, Etc. Burpee's Seeds ARE THE BEST THAT GROW W. ATLEE BURPEE & CO., Philadelphia. Announcement to Florists. ^^odriL We desire to announce the dissolution of the firm of Slofle. Dopffel & Co.. and to Introduce to the trade Its successor. The Svkaci's <: Pottery Co . which will be under the management of William Dopffel and Conrad Brelt«chwerth. The business will be conducted as heretofore, except on a larger scale to meet the growing demtnd for our goods. VV« have accordingly enlarged our plant and capacity, and with unsurpasstd facilities are now prepared to fill the largest order on short notice. Our latest Improved machines are turning out tne best and most serviceable flower pots In the market, and assuring you of our Intention to lead In further improvements, we solicit a continuance of your patronage in the belief that we can supply just what Is needed at a price and in a manner satisfactory to all. Send for price list and samp'es. and we know you will give us an order SYRACUSE POTTERY CO., Office 403 N. Salina St., SYRACUSE, N. Y. PRESS RE DURABLE THAN PINE. - PRES^ SASH BARS FEET in LENGTH Ml LONGE REENHCUSE BUIL DING M ATERIAL. ', .our Illustrated B00K LUMBER aho frs USES." 1 Special GreenhousVcfrcul&r. I 5Tea.rt^5 lumber ($.,[ THS EMERSON a.pp S& 0*1B£ 1ct>tf rimnmB%£&^ 'AFELE And Permanent Binding for Music, Periodicals,Photos of Goods, Samples of Fabrics, etc. he unmmc J^l J) (Cop Y *IGH TEDJ FOUR TO ONE! Our wonderful success with the leading railroads, lias led some people to think our farm trade had taken second place. This is a mistake, as our books show that for every WOO miles sold railroads, 4000 miles have gone to the farmers Railroad men buy Page fence because it suits adjoining farmers. PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., Adrian, Mich. ORCHIDS, m 12 Best free growing and profuse flow- ering Orchids for amateurs, for $10.00. WIT. MATHEWS, Utica, N. Y. PLEASE MENTION GARDENING. When you write an advertiser please state that you saw the adv. in Gardening. GARDENING. Oct. /, > O N ' T buy worthless nursery stock and WASTE manyyearsof valuable TIME waiting results and finally lose your MON E Y. But send to the IOON Company who have the FINEST NURSERY STOCK at Reasonable Prices. New Catalog for 1896. Send for one. Free. Estimates furnished. Correspondence solicited. THE WM. H. MOON COMPANY, Morrisville, Pa. When writing mention Gardening. FLOWER POTS. . STANDARD • You will make a mistake if you place your orders for flower pots this Spring without first receiving our estimates for same. Our plant is now the Largest In the World. Our stock unlimited. Our goods equaled by none. . . . A. H. HEWS & CO., North Cambridge, Mass. The Originators of the Standard Flower Pots. Our capacity now Is 12,000,000 Standard Flower Pots PEK YKAR. A full line of ISulh Fans. Send for price list. THE WHILLD1N POTTERY COMPANY, 713 to 719 Wharton St.. Philadelphia, Pa. Buanth Warehouses: Kearney & Westslde Aves., Jersey City. N. J. Jackson Ave. & Pearson St., Long Uland Cliy. N. Y. TWO YEAR OLD Crimson Rambler ROSGS. Fine field-grown plantB for fall planting. ALSO HARDY ROSES ON OWN ROOTS. Payson's Fair Oaks Nursery, Trees and Shrubs. OAK PARK, Cook Co., ILL. IF YOU LIKE PLEASE RECOMMEND IT TO YOUR FRIENDS. LORD & BURNHAM CO., Horticultural Architects ^p Builders. STEAM AND HOT WATER HEATING ENGINEERS. ..... Flans and estimates furnished on application Largest builders of Greenhouse Structures. Six highest Awards at the World's Fair. M*~Send Four Cents Postage for Illustrated Catalogue. LORD & BURNHAM CO., Factory: Irvington-on-Hudson, N. Y. Architectural Office, 160 FIFTH AVE., cor. 21st St.. NEW YORK CITY. "WENT LIKE HOT CAKES"-our Art Catalogue of Hot Water and Steam Heaters for conserva- tories and other buildings.-.* Not a single copy of first edition left.wNew edition ready — costs you nothing. oe «*«*«*«$ j(merican &oi/er Company 84 Lake St., Chicago. 94 Center St., New York. 'Uiffl— ^l v ^\Jandscape 'Architects tions furnished and visits for 1 > >^ / *S consultation made. References ' B and full information on inquiry. ! rittsburoh, Pa. (ft "^_ ^J }c aiir aiir aiif.ing aur J nr '3 lit- " 3Tir anr ■» 1 1 p anf — t gg gg ail r -a t i g *i ir n) g - j itf 4 f vol. V. $2.00 a Year. 24 Numbers. CHICAGO, OCTOBER 15, 1896. Single Copy 10 Cents. No. 99. THE HOME OF MR. H C BORROWS. TARRYTOWN, N. Y. 34 • * GARDENING. Oct. is, Landscape Gardening. MY HOME AT TARRYTOWN, N. Y. Having experienced so much pleasure studying the illustrations in Gardening, which I have taken for the past three years, and having had taken recently the front view ot our house and grounds, I thought perhaps some of your readers might enjoy a view of the Clematis pan- iculata in a "go-as-you-please" sort of a wav, and send you a photograph of it. This vine stands under the bay windosv nearest the veranda, and the only train- ing it has had is towards the left on the trellis, one spray was led to the right and then allowed to have its own way. This branch to the right explored the inside ot the bowed blinds, coming out to the sun light at the top in time to bloom. The house fronts the south and the shade trees on the street are maples. Since this photograph was taken a hedge of California privet has been planted in- side the fence along the front, the whole stretch being in a flickering shade. A border with irregular front has also been planted with shade loving plants. The group to the right of the gate con- tains azaleas, rhododendrons, androme- das, etc. To the left of the gate is a large bed, 85 feet long and 6 feet wide, contain- ing choice rhododendrons, azaleas, lilies, phlox, oriental poppies, hypericums, etc., ending with a vigorous Norway spruce. Extending beyond this for 75 feet is the grape vine trellis ending at an old apple tree on which are the white and purple wistarias; under the tree is a summer house covered with vines such as roses, honeysuckles, clematis, etc. The chil- dren's swing is just south of the summer house. The vine on the corner of the veranda and on the wall, in picture, is the Ampelopsis Roylei. An old telegraph pole about two feet away from the wall is also covered with the same. It is an- other case of "go-as-you-please" for this vine found the pole without any help and appropriated it. The plants along the base of the wall are nasturtiums in vari- ety. The rose on the corner of veranda is the Crimson Rambler. The group in front of this is made up of Japan maples, Japan berberis and the dwarf evergreen one. The last named is also under the bow window in the front. Tarrytown, N. Y. H. C. Burrows. The lay of the land, the characterof the house and its environment, and the in- clination of the owners have a great deal to do with its external decoration as re- gards plants and vines, and only one who has studied the subject right on the spot can suggest intelligently what should be done about it. Having never seen the prop- erty and knowing nothing more about it than is shown in the picture, pardon us for making a few suggestions: we would cover that fence from end to end with Clematis paniculata, C. Flammula and C. coccinea, planted on the inside, and cut down to the ground every winter like herbaceous plants. All or them like this treatment and grow rapidly and bloom full in summer. Just such a fence row as we sugges (but with Clematis paniculata only) runs along the public street as yours is, in front of Mr James Farquhar's garden at Roslindale near Boston, and when we saw it a month ago, it was a belt of fragrant glory. Then running along by the eaves at the top of first and second stories we would hang a light iron rod, continuing it up the edge of the slope of the roof to top of second story, and on it run wistaria vine. At the right side corner from the floor of the veranda to corner of gable top of second story we would run another vine, may be akebia; and up the middle pillar at left hand side of house we would run some more vines, say a Halleana honevsuckle. — Ed. fl GARDEN AT OCONOMOWOC. Having occasion to visit Oconorhowoe, Wis., which is one of the most delightful inland summer resorts I have yet seen, I fortunately met Mr. H. H. Shufcldt, who was the first to perceive the beauties ot La Belle lake with its silvery water, its well timbered rolling banks, and the ad- vantages which have now made Ocono- mowoc one of the most delightful spots on earth. It is thirty years since Mr. Shufeldt first went there and from that day he has been head and front in the development of the lake surroundings and the city. Mr. Shufeldt has a property of 100 acres having a frontage on the lake a mile long and with half a mile boundary on the main road. There are fine native trees as oaks, ashes, hickories, maples, basswood, hackberry. The grounds are rolling and the highest point above the lake is 60 feet. There is a view on one of the lawns fully half a mile on which are grouped such trees and shrubs as thrive well in the neighborhood. Mr. Shufeldt has been digging away at horticulture ever since he set foot on "Anchorage," for that is the name of his place, and hundreds of varieties of fruits, shrubs, trees and other plants have been tried in that time. Those that were found worthy were adopted, those found wanting destroyed. The severe cold in winter is very trying to vegetation, as the thermometer frequently goes 30° be- low zero and there is always a spell of two to three months of very low temper- ature. Some specimen trees growing there are worthy of separate mention, there is a white elm that was planted in 1878, then two inches thick at the ground line, and to-day it is twenty inches in diameter and fifty feet high. A large group of Rosa rugosa loaded with its brilliant colored heps is the best I have ever seen; all who have a sunny spot should plant Rosa rugosa; it is frost proof, insect proof, mil- dew proof, and always beautiful. Delphiniums have stalks as thick as broom sticks, and bear flower spikes be- tweentwoand three feet long. Spiraea palmata has leaves as big as those of the grape vine. Two sugar maples over a century old have spread of branches over 40 feet; the tops were cut off many years ago. Mr. Shufeldt placed over the cut a tin roof, which is worthy of note as it prevents the possibility of water lodging in the centre. And there are several plants of Syringa Japonica 12 or more feet high. A cold grapery 50 feet long containing twelve vines carrying an immense crop Mr. Shufeldt says is one of the most sat- isfactory features on the whole property. Our late friend Mr. Peter Henderson was the champion of the cold grapery. There is also a conventional water gar- den composed of half hogsheads in which are Nymphwa Zanzibarensis, dentata, Devoniensis and chromatella, the centre being formed of nelumbium and they all stand above the ground level, the tubs be- ing buried in rockwork. The lilies flower freely. Does the rockwork retain the heat? Is this a "wrinkle?" The following list of trees, shrubs and herbaceous perennials I found perfectly hardy and in good condition at the "Anchorage." Trees. — Ash, alder, basswood, birch, butternut, catalpa, cherry, white and Eoglish elms, hackberry, hickory, iron- wood, box elder, sugar, soft, Weir's and Norway maples; mountain ash, many- oaks, poplars and willows. Deciduous Shrubs. — Althaeas, Chinese aralia, common and purple barberry, mahonia, cercidiphyllum.clethra, Deutzia gracilis and D. crenata and vars., elders, El&agnus longipes, exochorda, euony- mus, five kinds including Yeddoensis, bush honeysuckles, Hydrangea panicu- lata and its varieties, kerria, Viburnum plicatum, Sieboldii, and eight other spe- cies [V. plicatum is complained of as not being satisfactory in the west. — Ed ], weigelias. Evergreens. — Austrian and Scotch pines, Norway balsam, and hemlock spruces; American arbor vitaes, red cedar. A neighbor of Mr. Schufeldt's has a lovely- bed of the Colorado blue spruce. Hardy Perennials at Oconomowoc. — Bocconias, campanulas, delphiniums, funkias, heleniums, sunflowers, hemero- callis, everlasting peas, lilies, lychnis, patonies, pyrethrum, spiraeas, Yucca fila- meniosa, and eulalia and erianthus grasses. John Thorpe. Chicago. FINE PLANTS IN NORTH CAROLINA. l'ucca aloifolia and its variegated form are perfectly hardy here, and I know one fine specimen growing on sandy soil at a point 600 feet above the sea level. On our lower coast the Oonshiu orange is still living, and in all our coast country we have giant gardenias. At Greenville, in Pitt Co. I saw recently a camphor tree that was planted over ten years ago, and cut down badly by the cold of 1894, but still living, and in the same town the collection of camellias is worth a journey- to see. In Columbus I measured the largest camellia I have ever seen. The trunk just above the ground measured 49 inches in circumference, and the thousands of buds, then in December just getting ready for the annual bloom were so numerous that we gave up in despair the effort to estimate their number. In the same lawn, and on the opposite side of the entrance walk was a Portugal laurel about as large as the camellia and both the plants were probably the most perfect specimens in this country. On Smith's Island, the northern limit of Sabal Pal- metto in this state I have cut leaves that measured five feet by seven with a six foot petiole, growing in the native forest, while all around there towered specimens with stems fully 25 feet to the leaves. I find great difficulty here with Chinese azaleas in our hard clay soil, not that they do not winter well enough till the hot summers weaken them. In the sandy land of our coast region they grow to great size, and I am preparing to give them special beds, as for rhododendrons in a new garden I am laying out. Pittos- porum Tobira is a puzzle to me. It stands our ordinary winters without a scorched leaf, and yet in 1893 it was entirely killed, while an oleander near by it is still living though at that time cut to the ground. As oleanders need careful protection here in any winter, the survival of this plant when the pittosporum that 1 never thought of protecting, died, I can hardly understand. We find that Erythrina Crista-Galli winters finely under a mound of sawdust, and one of the finest plants we have ever seen has been thus kept on a Raleigh lawn for the last twelve years, and its bloom is a sight worth seeing. In i3g6. GARDENING. 35 BODVIER CANNAS, CALADIUMS. ZINNIAS AND MR SHUFELDT S 3 YEAR OLD GRANDSON. my experiments in wintering half hardy shrubs I have found nothing equal to the sawdust mound. By the by, my Nerine Sarniense are now in splendid bloom, and the pretty foliage will soon come to re- main all winter. It would be interesting to know how far north these bulbs are hardy. I formerly grew them in pots al- together in Maryland, and keep some so here, but their season for bloom, and their entire hardiness, make the effort useless, and I shall turn all of mine out. Raleigh, N. C. W. F. Massey. Trees and Shrubs. HflMflMBLIS VIRGlNlGfl. (Witch-hazel.) This well-known American shrub, first described in 1736, almost becomes a small tree in this section. Here its hab- itat is chiefly along the upper slopes oi the ravines where it grows as an under shrub. Herein lies an important feature in connection with it. The situation it occupies is a trying one to most plants, being in a dry, steep bank and subject to the dripfrom theoverhangingtree foliage. Furthermore, the spreading palm-like manner in which its foliage is arranged makes it a pleasant object to look down upon, particularly so at this seasonof the year, when it is in the full glory of its autumn color, and it is tassellated with clusters of thread-like yellow flowers, often having for companions the ripening seed pods of last fall's blooms. The color of the leafage all summer long is a pleas- ing shade of green, which as the winter approached commences to turn yellow at the edges, and for some time some speci- mens rival Cornus Spiethii in their varie- gations. Often the centre of the leaf retains its rich green up to the well defined band of yellow— often a quarter of an inch broad and extending all around the leaf. Others seem to choose a solid yellow for their color and contrast well with the vivid reds of the dogwoods in more open spaces. Later on the leaves drop, but the yellow tassel-like flowers remain nearly all winter, and again pre- sent a pleasing picture to look down upon. [But don't stop at our common native witch-hazel, please remember that Japan has given us two others, one with yellow flowers, more showy a good deal than ours and later in blooming; and a wine colored one. Both are hardy at New York, and desirable shrubs. — En ] W. C. Egan. Highland Park, 111., October 6. RELIABLE NURSERY STOCK. I intend buying some more fruit trees this fall but do not know where to place the order to get the most reliable sorts. As I have tried several nurseries but do not believe the trees received from them are the same as they sell them for, and I thought of asking you if you would kindly advise me of where you think 1 could buv a good reliable stock. 0. H, Mt. Jewett, Pa. In addressing this inquiry to us your head was level, you have done the best thing you could do. You have made a big mistake, however, in not mentioning the names of the "several nurseries" that you have tried. Please take up an issue of Gardening and look at the nurseries advertising in it. You surely don't mean to say that one of them would supply you with stock that is not true to name; we don't believe it would. Now we know something practically about the nursery business, and we also are large buyers of nursery stock, and we have aprettygood idea of who aie and who are not the reliable nurserymen of the country, and we must tell you candidly that better or more reliable nurseries than those you find in our advertising columns you can- not find on this side of' the Happy Hunt- ing Grounds." fl TREE-flRGriOVER GATEWAY. I want a tree to plant on either side of the entrance to a cemetery lot that can be trained to twine or meet overhead, making a natural gateway. What would you recommend for such purpose? The lot is enclosed by a hedge of arbor vita; globosa. A. W. C. Joplin, Mo. The idea is not a pretty one, in fact it is puerile, and we don't believe you would ever be satisfied with the result. Our ad- vice is, don't do it. If you want some- thing of the kind, set out a good plant of deciduous cypress at either side of the gate, and with a light iron rod form your arch to suit yourself; now plant a vine beside each tree and run them up over the arch so as to meet and cross at the apex or centre. Wistaria, celastrus, periploca and actinidia are good vines for this purpose. DEUTZIfl GRENATfl VflR. PRIDE OF ROCH- ESTER. When Thunberg found this genus in japan and named it after his patron, the Dutch naturalist Johann Deutz, he intro- duced to the floral world a charming plant. From the type have been pro- duced several varieties. By far the best with me is the Pride of Rochester, it blooms about the middle of June. I grow several varieties of this genus, and al- though all are protected in winter, this one alone seems satisfied with its condi- 36 GARDENING. Oct. i 5 , tions. It is extremely floriierous and graceful in contour. The flowers are large for the genus, double white, with the outer side of the petals tinged with rose. It is a worthy representative of this en- terprising firm. W. C. Egan. Chicago. SCORPION SENNA. (Coronilla Emerus.) This is a little bushy shrub, three or more feet high, a native of southern Europe and hardy from Philadelphia southward; at least it is hardy in warm, sheltered places. Our illustration is en- graved from a photograph of a little sprig of it in bloom taken at Dosoris a year ago last spring, and it shows better than any other picture we ever saw of it the true nature of the shrub and its manner and profusion of blooming. The flowers ate small, yellow, and on account of the vast multitude of them quite pretty. As a bush it makes a thick mass of small branches with clover or pea-like leaves, and the flowers are of pea form, and red- dish, changing to yellow. Where it is hardy, it should be grown freely; and where it is only precariously hardy it is worth protecting in winter. It is quite cheap in nurseries and easily raised from seed, division or sprouts. THE GAINESB GOLDEN ARBOR VITAE AT DOSORIS. {Biota Orientalis aurea). Here is another of the inimitable Dosoris pictures of garden trees, it shows a perfect specimen of the golden Chinese arbor vita; about nine feet high and over seven feet through, unbroken and with- out a blemish from the ground to the tip. And still it is only one among a host ot others of different genera and species in the same group, and all equally perfect. We mention this to show how easy it is, with love and timely attention, to obtain and preserve perfection in the health, form, and development of fine trees, and still maintain fullness and beauty in grouping, and fine effect in planting. In our picture a broad leaved hemlock at the side and a pseudolarixatthe back appear as if pressing up against the arbor vita;, but they are not doing so; we would not plant the arbor vita; within reaching dis- tance of the pseudolarix.and the moment the hemlock would touch it we would shorten in the hemlock branches and eventually cut it out Although the Chinese arbor vita;s are quite hardy at Dosoris and New York, in rigorous parts of the country they are not so, but excellent substitutes for them may be had in the finer golden forms of the American arbor vitaes, which are very hardy. This form of the Chinese arbor vitae becomes very golden in early sum- mer,but. curious enough, in fall it changes from yellow to bronze brown, in spring time again it reverts to its fresh yellow hue. The same thing is noticeable in some of our retinosporas, notably ericoides and in Douglas' golden juniper. The Flower Garden. border both failed to grow, finally dying outright. They were planted in ordinary garden soil, receiving fair amount of sun- shine and water. Lotus pelvorensis, probably pelio- rhyncus, as given in Nicholson. The same FLOWER GARDEN NOTES. Parochetus communis (?), catalogued as a novelty. Common name shamrock pea. As Nicholson says this is a hand- some flowering plant, I should like to have some information as to growing it. One plant in a tub and the other in open • Basella. (Malabar Nightshade). The thick white and green leaves of this plant make, as the catalogue says, a good con- trast with the Aerva, if planted together. It is of easy culture under ordinary condi- tions. The flowers are very small and in- conspicuous, 3*et after all, they are pretty enough. They are arranged on a long stem at the end of each branch, light pink, but turning laterintoa little yellow ball. Clematis paniculata, as everybody knows, is magnificent, but what I want to impress upon everybody is the fact that it will flower almost as well facing northeast as in a sunny exposure. This clematis on my back porch, where it gets the sun, is a solid sheet of bloom, while on mv front porch, facing northeast, it assumes a more delicate appearance, although covering the whole front. I use nothing except chicken meshing to train it on Clematis Henrvi. A small root of this planted in the spring gave one bloom this month. I look forward with eager- ness to next year, if this one flower is a sample of what the vine will be when in full bloom. Jackmanni is "not in ^'com- pared with this enormous white flower of seven petals. Helenium Autumnale (?). I ordered a novelty called aureo-striatum, but I guess I have autumnale. However, I am well satisfied. Each single stem spreads out to a large head, covered with hundreds of clear yellow flowers. It seems to bean economical plant, spreading at the roots. Planted by accident close to two clumps of Boltonia latisquama, it has com- manded wide admiration. Has been in perfect bloom since last of August. Grows 5 feet high, has strong stems and has never had a trace of an insect on it. Of very easv culture. L. C. L. Jordan. Bergen Point, N. J., September 26, '96. SCORPION senna. remarks as above apply to this. I have been given to understand that it has never bloomed in this country. The plant is graceful and delicate, and would be pretty even without the bloom, if it would live. Aerva sanguinea. Another novelty, not found in Nicholson, Is a low grow- ing, half-trailing plant, with blood red leaves, and useful for basket or vase, ludging from the style of the inflorescence, I should say it belonged to the Amaranth family. [The generic name is JBrua or .JZrva, and it belongs as you sugg st to the Amarantus family. — Ed.] BULBS AND BULB PLANTING. The bulb planting season is now upon us, and we are busy with it. We grow a large collection of these spring beauties, for they are one of the most interesting classes of plants to cultivate. To grow them in pertection a well drained sandy soil that has been enriched with old barn- yard manure is the best, but any common garden soil will do providing it is well drained. The most of our bulb beds are raised four to six inches above the level of the walk; in this way the bulbs ripen off nicely in spring without any lifting; we let all our bulbs remain in the ground over summer, and with this treatment they do splendidly. Narcissus bulbs planted four to five years and left undis- turbed have increased wonderfully. A number of varieties planted at that time, six bulbs of each in a clump, gave last spring 75 to 94- flowers to the clump. We grow all our bulbs in clumps, the smaller bulbs, such as scillas, grape hya- cinths and the like, we grow in masses. Each clump or mass is labelled, and when it flowers we make notes of the best vari- eties and also of the ones that do best with us. All amateurs should grow a few bulbs; they are easy to manage and sure to flower. If the winter has not been too hard how nice it is to go out in the gar- den to some sheltered nook and pick a few snowdrops while the snow is yet on the ground. We did this last winter from the 14th of February till late in spring, and they were more welcome than the choic- est blossoms we had in the greenhouse. When 1 say grow a few bulbs I do not mean a few hyacinths or tulips; these are seen evervwhere, but some of the other i8g6. ' ' GARDENING. 37 *-W*** i THE GOLDEN CHINESE ARBOR VITffi AT DOSORIS. ones, such as snowdrops, winter aconite, glory of the snow, grape hyacinths and scillas. Narcissus looks well in clumps, sav six or a dozen bulbs to a clump. In planting bulbs of thelarger size, such as hyacinths, narcissus, tulips, lilies, iris, crown imperials, it is best to dig out the beds or border, or wherever they are to be put, say five or six inch's deep. The bottom of the holes or trenches should be dug and a light coating of manure given in the bottom, the bulbs planted and the soil filled in again. In this way the bulbs are all at one depth, and they come up all at once and flower at the same time. But by planting with a trowel you always get the bulbs more or less un- evenly planted, which means some days' difference in the time of flowering. To have an unbroken supply of spring flowers a selection has to be made from the snowdrops in March to the late tulips and narcissus in May and June. If the garden is not very large snowdrops and crocuses can be planted in the grass. Some plant them by making holes with a sharp pointed stick and dropping the bulbs into these, but the best way is to lift a sod and plant your bulbs under it, putting it back again and tamping it down; in this way the bulbs are more evenly planted and come into flower more evenly. The bulbs may be left in the grass from year to year. But don't forget to plant a clump of snowdrops in some sheltered nook t > give you early flowers. The early flowering scillas are very showy if grown in a mass and close together; the}' make a nice edging to taller growing bulbs. The same can be said of the chionodoxa. The Muscari hyacinths are other fine soring flowers and lovely when grown in front of a bor- der or bed; grow the blue and white vari- 38 * * ' GARDENING. Oct. /J, eties together. The May flowering scillas (or wood hyacinth) are also showy and easily grown bulbs, thriving most any- where, and they are fine for naturalizing among shrubs or under trees. The spring snowflakes should be largely grown for cut flowers, their pure white blossoms being excellent for this purpose. The ixias. sparaxis, babianas and tritonias are not hardy here, but they can easily be planted in a frame, setting them late in 1 he lall. You can put them in your pansy frame and deep enough so that when you lift out your pansies in spring you won't disturb the bulbs. They succeed very well in this way and are worth the trouble; the calochortus do nicely in the same way. IIo*- beautiful some of the newer tulips are, such as Batalini, Clusiana, Eichleri, Vitcllina alba, linifolia; the last named one only grows about three inches high. This fall we will add a few thousand more narcissus toour garden, but asthere is such a number of varieties of them that it is hard to make a selection, but one cannot go far wrong.as they areallgood. Among the showiest ones are: Sir Wat- kin, Lcdsii, Hoisfieldi, Maximus, Em- peror, Nelsoni Major, and don't forget to plant a lot of the poet's daffodil ( Poeticus ornatus); it is the finest of all for cut flowers and lasts a long time in bloom, in fact last spring it was our earliest narcis- susin flower.coming intobloom in March in a sheltered border, and in the more open border it was the last one in flower. [Wasn't the plain Poeticus the last one? Ornatus is the early form of Poeticus. —Ed.] In planting bulbs in this way in different parts of the garden a succession of flower can be had for a long time. Mahwah, N J. David Frasek. CLEMATISES IN THE GARDEN. Clematis lanuginosa, the subject of this illustration,|belongsto the large flowering summer and ; utumn bloomers, and pro- duces its flowers on the current season's growth. It does not bloom in masses after the manner of the Jackmanni type, but disperses its favors in such a way that their individual beauty is more fully developed by the setting of green foliage immediately back of the flower. The illus- tration does not do justice to this feature, as blooms that in the picture seem to run one into the other, are in reality divided by several inches, one back of the other. The photograph was taken about the middle of July, when this plant was prob- ably in its prime; it has been in bloom more or less ever since and to-day, Oct. 10, possesses one solitary flower, the last of the Mohicans. The flowers are about three to three and a half inches in diam- eter when first opened out flat, and in- crease in size until they reach five and six inches. Their color at maturity is a deli- cate lavender. Each bloom remains per- fect for a week or more. The space in- cluded in the view is that between two posts permanently occupied by the Akebia quinata. The clematis in flower is planted nearly in the center. To the right of it is a plant of clematis Duchess of Edinburgh, which is a light grower with me, producing only a few of its handsome double white flowers. It be- longs to the Florida type that blooms mainly from the old wood, which I do not . save to any great extent, but in August shoots from the old wood have reached up quite a way into the edge • of the ake- bia and placed there a few pure white rosettes which are charming to behold. To the left is a strong vine of Jackmanni superba, a very dark violet purple which CLEMATIS LANUGINOSA does not open up full until about August 1. It is mainly trained on a few strings run up alongside the akebia. It crowds over somewhat on to the akebia and twines in and out its outer lace. As lent it back from the akebia when through its most profuse flowering, it does the vine no harm. I know of no vine that will al- low others to grow over its face part of the season and stand it so good naturedly as the akebia. One of the most pleasing sections of my veranda, where the posts are fifteen feet apart instead of twelve, as is the case here illustrated is planted as follows: To the right, planted three feet from the ake- bia is the Kermesina, which is carried up along the edge of the ake ia nearly to the top, producing a mass of claret colored flowers in Julv and August. Planted next to the left is a strong plant of the Texas leather flower (Clematis Viorna var coc- cinea). This mainly covers the space be- tween the posts, but stray shoots find their way up in company with the Ker- mesina. This vine commences blooming in July, but is most profuse in August and never knows when to stop. Jack Frost always catches it in bloom. Nicholson describes the flowe as follows: "Sepals four, very thick and fleshy, about oneand a half inches long, companulate at the base; segments reflexed at the tips, inter- ior yellow, exterior of a > intense ver- milion." Then to the left comes an old plant of that magnificent species C. pani- culata. Between this and the other ake- bia vine is the European Traveler's Joy (C. vitalba) that is in its prime in August. This vine, with its small star-shaped, al- mond-scented white flowers in clusters, is not a rampant grower, but sends out long slender shoots that twine in and out the outer face of the akebia, appearing in unlooked-for places, and when in bloom stem like festooned bands of lace against the akebia green. All summer long C. paniculata had been stretching out its long arms, one to the right, the other to the left, keeping close to the top of the railing until it takes its place alongside the Kermesina on one side and Vitalba on the other, but being more vigorous and more inspiring than its companions it continues on reaching the top of the post and then across, under the arch of akebia vines (on strings provided), until its di- viding arms meet in the center, having formed a complete loop in its travels Al. the season through we had almost for- gotten it, not at the root however, where it had plenty of moisture, but the charms of its companions satisfied our prtsent desires and we gave but little thought to it. About the last of August from num- erous side shoots thousands of tiny pointed buds appear, which on some fine morning in September cover the vine as if a snow storm had strayed in before its time White starry flowers in countless thousands, delicately perfumed like my lady's 'kerchief, all arranged in graceful sprays. This is a vine that every one wants and should have. It is perfectly hardy under ordinary culture, but for full effect it must have good rich soil deeply dug and profusely watered. I have two vines planted at each side of a porte- cochere. In addition to the ordinary watering Irom the hose, one receives con- siderable during the season, by a pipe from the roof. This plant, although of the same age as the other, produces one- third more blooms. When winter ap- proaches this surplus water is carried to the roadway by a wooden gutter. On other parts of the porch railing I grow other hybrids, such as C. Madame Edouard Andre, "the red clematis," which made its debut at the World's Fair. It belongs to the Jackmanni type and while not as vigorous as that variety is a fairly strong grower and a good bloomer. Rubro-violacea, a maroon purple, is very nch looking and a fair bloomer. Win. Kennett, a deep lavender, is not a strong grower and does not produce over a dozen flowers during the season. Velutina pur- purea, a blackish mulberry, is also a shy bioomer. Viticella venosa, while a strong grower and good bloomer, is weak in color and only attractive at a distance. All so far mentioned have proven hardy under protection They are planted in a deep rich, light soil and well watered in summer. All are cut to within a foot of the ground in the fall, and laid upon some leaves, parallel to the porch, covered with leaves, and then a board put on. A heavy coating of good manureisput all overthe bed and worked into the soil in spring. The board is put thereon because the winter's snow is swept from the porch and then thaws and freezes into ice. Cle- matis montana, which to a certain ex- tent might be likened to a spring bloom- i8g6. GARDENING. 39 HARDY PERENNIALS IN PAIRMOUNT PARK. PHILADELP3IA ing C. paniculata is a failure here, even when well protected. The root will live and produce growth fifteen or more feet in one season, but it blooms entirely on old wood which I can't save. Clematis integrifolia var. Durandi, a hy- brid non-climbing variety, grows to three and a half feet high, and blooms all sum- mer if the faded flowers are cut off. Mine commenced blooming in June and still has flowers. The type is a small herbaceous perennial with deep blue nodding flowers, while this variety has open flat flowers often larger than Jaekmanni. It is a very satisfactory plant to grow, evidently be- ing free from disease. C. Yirginiana rambles at will in some of the wilder parts of the garden and almost becomes a weed. Coccinea is the most satisfactory for winter decoration as its leaves dry green and its seed balls are attractive. Highland Park, 111. W. C. Egan. HARDY PERENNIALS IN FAIRMOUNT PARK, PHILADELPHIA. One of the most attractive spots in Fairmount Park, Philadelphia, is the old fashioned hardy flower border shown above. [Then what on earth is that gera- nium bed doing in front of it? If the hardy plant border is so attractive — and we know that it is — don't the geraniums between it and the walk help to ridicule it? Aw y with them, put them where they belong, that is no place for them there. If there isn'tenough between your hard}' plants and the walk widen the border, not in mass but in effect by a scattering of clumps of yucca, white day lily, tritomas, paeonies, or the like, but don't kill its effect by "bedding plants" intruders. Geraniums are lovely and highly proper in their right place, but judging by the picture it is not there. — Ed.] Here from early spring until late in the fall, flowers are always found in abundance. Aquilegias, dielytras, digi- talis, funkias, hollyhocks irises, paonies, sedums, spiraeas and a number of other pretty subjects succeed each other and vie with one another in making the gardens bright. A little formal display in connection with the hardy bord.r is n t always out of place; indeed it has the charm of pleas- ing many, as does the long bed of bright colored geraniums edged with tricolored leaved sorts. It always looks well, rain or shine [ f your borderof hardy plants needs the support of the geraniums then there is something the matter with the make-up of the border. — Ed.] Our parks however, are slow in taking hold of even good new plants such as spiraea Anthony Waterer, Caryopteris Mastacanthus, Rudbeckia Golden Glow, Vitis Coignetiw and a number of others which certainly ought to take the place of the wretched beds of petunias, mari- golds and euphorbias we so often find in them. Not only do the managers refuse to buy them but they are even unwilling to accept them when offered free of charge. A. B. FINE FOLIAGE PLANTS IN THE FLOWER GARDEN. Ouite a number of -foliage plants are in cultivation suitable or summer use out of which are not commonly met with simply because they are not so easily got- ten up in large quantities as are coleus, alternantheras, and the like. Pandanus Veitchii is a good example, it fairly revels in our hot sun, sending out its thick suc- culent roots in all directions and putting on a color in the leaves which cannot be equaled in the greenhouse. Phyllanthus takes on a growth, the leaves of which are more beautiful than many flowers, P. roseus pictus is one of the showiest, the young leaves are of a delicate shell pink, P. atropurpureus has darker foliage, P. nivosus has the young leaves beautifully mottled with snow white. These plants are shrubs, and when full grown about from throe to five feet high; thev are natives of the South Sf a Islands. When the plants have < ompleted their growth take well ripened wood for cuttings. The croton is fast becoming a popular outdoor plant. It is unsurpassed for rich and varied foliage markings, there are hundreds of varieties and most of them are desirable. The plants can be treated much in the same way as geraniums, only they need a little more heat. We root our cuttings for the following season, before the hot weather is over and without arti- ficial heat, merely by coveringthecuttings over with some panes of glass. Let the cuttings be wellro ted before potting off. The fancy leaved caladiums are also get- ting better known for out door use, some of the older kinds, that is those which are not too highly colored, are best or this purpose. Wightii, Uranus, Dr. Lindley, Triomphe de l'Exposition, Rossini and Canaertii are all good, the highly colored kinds do not stand the sun well. They need lots of water. A good place for them is by the margins of lily ponds. Keep over winter by storing the tubers in dry sawdust in a warm place, they won't stand cold. Abutilon Souv. de Bonn is one of the best of the recently introduced foliage plants, it keeps its variegation well and erows into a neat symmetrical bush. Sanchezia nobilis has a different appearance altogether when planted out, from what we are accustomed to see in the greenhouse; it has large variegated leaves, slightly resembling some of the variegated aucubas. Rex begonias do nicely in the shade, thriving well by the north side of a house where the soil can be kept damp, but out ofd ors they lose their distinctive color- ings to a certain extent. Euphorbia hasmatodes has dark brown leaves with a metallic sheen the veins are rose colored; does grandly outside. A 40 GARDENING. Oct. is, good companion to the variegated abutilon. Talinum crassifolium variegatum is one of our best variegated leaved plants and grows a foot or so high before flowering, the flowers are small, pink, arranged in long loose spikes. The seed capsules when ripening add considerably to the beauty of the plant; they are of a reddish yellow color. An easily managed plant. Strobilanthes Dyerianus is doing well this season; it must not be allowed to get too dry at the roots, as it is very liable to the attacks of the mealy bug when the plants are the least unhealthy, and once these pests gain a footing they are diffi- cult to eradicate. The new Acalypha Hamiltoniana did not show up well last year, and thisis pro- pably the last season we will grow it, as it has a very weedv appearance. G. W. 0. U. S. Botanic Garden, Washington, D. C. NOTES FROM SPRINGFIELD, MASS. As you know, our Springfield Amateur Horticultural Society has frequent and always very interesting meetings. Men and women, young folks and old folks, all belong to it, and we all have gardening on the brain, and if you come this way again you'll find that we have gardening about our homes too. Well, our meetings are delightful gatherings; we have a little music and entertainment, and we talk about our flowers and our gardens, relat- ing our experience, and seeking, getting and giving information. And when the meeting is formally dismissed we don't rush helter-skelter down the stairs in our hurry to get home, but linger in an eager and sociable way discussing our flowers, telling and hearing about each other's roses and daffodils and such like posies. You who have no amateur horticultural society in your town are to be pitied. Its work is one of love and interest. You attend the meetings, not to sit still and listen all the time, for you couldn't do that if you tried, nor to make a speech, for there are no speeches, but just to talk among yourselves about your pan- sies and sweet peas, your pears and strawberries, your celery and peas. You can't help yourself, if you are a crank on roses, when everybody is talking roses, you can't keep still, you've got to tell about your roses, and so on, till you'll be all a-talking, and as happy and friendly together as you would be at a church sociable. China Asters. — Among the subjects dis- cussed at our meeting the other evening Mr. Simonds told us that the disease had overtaken his China asters; he had grown asters for many years with much success and never till this year had they been a failure. When they were growing nicely the blight struck them, and they withered and died; he did not know the cause of it or remedy for it. The asters in the gar- dens of some other members had also suf- fered from the disease. Mr. Aumer found that it is a fungus disease, and it first asserts itself in the stems of the plants. He pulled up and burned all his diseased plants to prevent its spread. But, curi- ous, not one of the Semple asters (a race of asters gotten up by a Mr. Semple, a florist of your city, Pittsburg, Pa.) were diseased. Mr. Robinson grew 5,000 aster plants this summer, but they had no dis- ease; he thought locality and soil had much to do with the health of the plants. He selected and saved his own seed, and also bought a good deal, and he finds that from his own saved seed he gets as good flowers as from any bought seed, with further a chance of a greater range of color; in buying seeds he advised against buying them in mixed colors — always get the colors in separate packets. Dahlias. — In these Mr. Robinson thought that A. D. Lavoni was the best pink one, and we all like the pigmy Belle of Springfield and Edaline. Pansies he grows in thousands. He sows them late and winters them in the seed bed and without any covering in the way of a mulch, and in spring transplants them to where required. Sweet Peas were a failure this year on account of late planting. Mr. Eldred, a specialist in this line, assured us that the great secret in growing sweet peas wasin sowing them early. He made 275 crosses of sweet peas this summer, and from the seed saved from these crosses he hopes to obtain some new varieties next year. Clematis paniculata was spoken of highly. Canna Seed. — In the secretary of the society's garden young canna seedlings come up every year, although it is seven years since he allowed before now any canna to grow there. Morning Glories. — Mr Simonds had morning glories come up in his garden every year since ten 3 7 ears, and during this time he has not sowed any seed, nor allowed any of the young plants to grow up and go to seed. Chas. L. Burr. Oct. 7, '96. THE- ROSE-PURPLE CONEFLOWER. (Rudbeckia purpurea.) The coneflowers are mostly y- How- flowered, and some are yellow with dark centres, but here we have one with showy rose purple blossoms. Our illustration is engraved from a photograph of a couple of sprigs we cut of it for this pur- pose, and shows without any make-up or exaggeration the true nature and style of the flower and plant. We make men- tion of this because a year or two ago it figured as a garden novelty; but this doesn't detract in the least from its value, for although a little coarse in appearance it is a good and deserving hardy peren- nial. To add to its merits, it is easily raised from seed, perfectly hardy, easy to to grow, and sure to bloom, and it is a good perennial. There are a few distinct varietal forms of it, also a reputedly dis- tinct species (R. angusti folia), but they all are a good deal alike. It has a special advantage in being late blooming. It likes good ground. Roses. HARDY ROSES. I was much pleased with Mr. R. H. Warder's notes on hardy roses for Cin- cinnati, and especially for his loyalty to old and tried varieties "which behaved well and stood by him in heat and cold." There has been for mam* years past a craze for new roses which has resulted in encumbering nursery cata'ogues with an endless list of varieties, whose only merit frequently consists in the euphonious names for which European rose growers have a remarkable fancy, but which often catch the eye of the public as well as their shekels without giving adequate value. Within the past fifty years during which period I have been a rose fancier, I have lested almost every variety which ap- peared and I trust that I may, therefore, be permitted to give a few notes from mv long experience. Of the varieties of hybrid perpetuals in- cluded in Mr. Warder's list there are sev- eral that were among the earliest favor- ites and are still considered so although scores of new sorts have appeared, each with glowing descriptions, but their life has been in many instances a most ephe- meral one. "Kites ont vecu ce que vivent les roses Durant l'espace d'un matin." This is not an inappropriate quotation to the rapid passing away of so many varieties. Until 184-5 there were known very few roses of the hybrid perpetual class, not more than a dozen varieties were then available and Mme. Lafla\- was doubtless the first of what is now the most valua- ble class of hardy garden perpetual bloom- ing roses that can be successfully culti- vated in the colder sections of th s conti- nent. Until the advent of Mme. Laffay the hybrid roses were only spring bloom- ers, and I remember that among a collec- tion of upwards of one hundred varieties we had in our grounds in Belgium, there there were flowersthat weresurpassingly beautiful, and are to-day not equalled by many of the so-called hybrid perpetuals that have no claim to the latter appella- tion as they are in reality only summer roses. And this is unfortunately now the case with the majority of the new varie- ties of hybrids sent over to us by European growers every year. Of the 130 new hy- brid perpetual varieties which I received from Europe within the past five years I have retained less than twenty-five and even some of these will eventually be dis- carded. A few flowers in April or May and then nothing but either a tangled wood growth or death of the plant from weak constitution. The advent of General Jacqueminot was soon followed by a number of its seed- lings. Some of these produce better flow- ers than the parent, there is so little dif- ference among the larger number of them however, that few of them have been re- tained, but it is extensively cultivated or forcing, few of its numerous offspring pos- sessing an aptness for this latter quality. To Mr. Warder's excellent list I would add the following which include the best of the newer sorts and whose merits have been fully tested, and all of them are free bloomers. Cardinal Patrizzi— (1857), vivid crim- son, shaded purple. Clio — (1894), very large and globular, finely formed light rose; center slightly dark; it is a free bloomer. Docteur Henon — (1855), by far the best of all white hybrid perpetuals. Its flowers are large, well formed, and of the purest white color, and is a very free bloomer. The wood is thornless. This variety should always be budded on Manetti stocks. Eliza Boelle— (1860). Ofdwarf habit, flowers white, slightly tinged with pink, of medium size and beaui.ifully formed, a constant and profuse blooming sort. Frere Marie Pierre— (1893). Flow- ers very large, cherry red, very full and of good shape, a constant bloomer, wood is thornless, habit very vigorous. It is one of the best of the comparatively new sorts. James Bougault, or White La Reiue. Similar to theoldLa Reiue but with flow- ers of a light flesh color. Louis Van Houtte— (1869). This is one of the very best dark autumn roses, a free bloomer, and at the south is supe- rior to Jean Liabaud. It is of intense dark crimson maroon color and during cojl days changes to a blackish crimson. i8g6. GARDENING. 4i THR ROSE-PURPLE CONE-FLOWER. Lady Arthur Hill— (1890). A beau- tifully shaped flower, tender satiny rose; a free bloomer. Madame Moreau— (1872). Few roses combine so many good qualities; it is of robust, vigorous and short jointed growth, every branchlet ending in a flower bud. Flowers are very large, finely imbricated and dark red shaded violet. Thesplants are as free bloomers as any tea rose. Margaret Dickson. — Flowers medium, white tinged flesh, good form but borne upon the end of very long canes. This variety should be lightly pruned during summer, otherwise few flowers appear; exceedingly vigorous. Mrs. R. G. Sharman Crawford — (1894). Very large, of fine form, and in color of a peculiar dark rose tint with the outer petals of lighter shade. Spencer— (1894). Of the Baronne de Rothschild type of growth, stout and erect; flower is very large, of excellent form and ot a satiny rose color, its outer petals have a white sheen. Souvenir de Mme. Eugene Verdier — 11894). This promises to be one of the best roses of the last productions; extra large, fine form, bright rose color, with outer petals of a silvery tint. It is a free bloomer. To these could be added another score or two of excellent varieties which would be desirable for large collections. When one has several hundred varieties of hy- brid roses in bloom to select from, it is difficult to confine the best to a few sorts, but we want here varieties that will afford blooms daily from April until frost, and ignore others whose blooming period extends only during a week or two, although in point of colors and form many of them are exceedingly handsome. P.J. Berckmans. Fruitland, near Augusta, Ga., October 9, 1896. HARDY ROSES MY FAVORITES. My experience in growing hardy roses in the open ground led me a long time ago to discard budded plants and grow only t arieties on their own roots, and I prefer growing the plants five feet or more high with hundreds of flowers on them rather than to cut them down clear to the ground in order to get a few choice exhibition flowers. The f.nest sight on my grounds this season was a bush of the Province rose with hundreds Q f flowers on it, and they are so fine to cut from, they have the true rose scent and perfect foliage with long stems. The Province and Madame Plantier roses always grow and do well everywhere, and they will be alive and at the funerai of all the other hybrid varieties planted at the same time. Here is a list of 12 of the kinds that do best with me: Province or Cabbage rose, rose color. Madame Plantier, white. Gen. Jacqueminot, vivid crimson. Mrs. John Laing pink. Magna Charta, pink-carmine. Mine. Georges Bruant, white. Paul Neyron, deep rose. Baron Bonstetten, velvety maroon. Mme. Gabriel Luizet, pink. Gen. Washington, red shaded crimson. Ulrich Brunner, cherry red. Caroline de Sansal, flesh color. Mr. C. W. Ranlett, a retired rose grower of Holyoke, Mass., who gives his whole attention to hardy roses would recommend for twelve varieties: John Hopper, bright rose; Marquise de Castellane, carmine rose; Prince Camille de Rohan, velvety crimson; Anne de Diesbach, carmine; Mine. Gabriel Luizet; Fisher Holmes, bright crimsot); Jules Margottin, carmine rose; Gen. Jacque- minot; Gen. Washington; Caroline de Sansal, and Alsace-Lorraine, deep velvety red; Alfred Colomb, carmine-crimson, In ten best sorts W. C. Barry, of Roches- ter, N. Y., would add three not before mentioned, namely. Marshall P. Wilder, cherry rose; Merveillede Lyon, white, and Louis Van Houtte, crimson maroon. Mr. W. H. Spooner, of Boston, in his twelve best gives us Charles Lefebs-re, reddish crimson; Hippolvte Jamain, carmine red; Marie Baumann, crimson vermilion; Annie Wood, bright crimson, and Victor Verdier, bright rose. The late Peler Henderson would add Mabel Morrison; flesh white; Queen of Queens, pink with blush edges, and Pride of Walt ham, flesh color. Alvin Jordan, who loved roses for their perfume, would add three more, namely, Francois Michelon, deep rose; Maurice Bernardin, bright crimson, and Coquette des Alpes, white. Elbert S. Carman in a list of twenty would give Rev. J. B. M. Camm, crimson rose; Francois Michelon; Baron Prevost, pure rose; Abel Grand, glossy rose; Boieldieu. cherry red; Mile. Marie Rady, vermilion; Queen of Waltham, cherry red; Pierre Notting. deep crimson, e'ight different kinds. John N. May in a list of twenty- five hybrid perpetuals and hvbrid teas mentions Boule de Neige, Coquette des Blanches, La France, Mme. Eugenie Verdier, Countess of Oxford, Francois Levet, Duke of Teck, Dinsmore, Abel Carriere, Duke of Edinburg, La Rosiere, Jean Liabaud and Monsieur Boncenne. Here we have a list ot the best roses from different growers in different sections of this country. When I find a rose that will not grow on its own roots I discard it for some other variety. Capt. Christv is one of them, although Mr. Spooner informs me that I will succeed better with the climbing variety of that name, but I think if one will take the Province, Madame Plantier, Jacqueminot, Mrs John Laing, Magna Charta. Mine. Gabriel Luizet and Baron Bonstettin and grow them in large quantities they will derive more pleasure than in growing a large number of varieties. Springfield, Mass. Charles L. Burr. If you appreciate Gardening please recommend it to those friends to whom you know the paper would be useful. You can assist us materially in this wav. 42 GARDENING. Oct. 15, William Falconer, Editor. PJBL1BHED THE 1ST AND 15TH OK EACH MONTH BY THE GARDENING COMPANY, Monon Building, CHICAGO. Subscription Prlce.t2.0Ua Year-24 Numbers. Adver- Using rates on application. ■entered at Chicago postolBce as second-claBS matter. Copyright 18U6, by The Gardening Co. All communications relating to subscriptions, adver- tisements and other business mutters shoukl be addressed to The Gardening Company. Monon Bui d- 'ng Chicago, and all matters pertaining to the editorial Jepartment of the paper should be addressed to the Kdltorof Gardening, schenley Park, Pittsburg. Pa. Gardening Is gotten up lor Its readers and In their Interest and it behooves you. one and all. to make It Interesting. If It does not exactly suit your case, please write and tell u t what you want. It Is our desire to help you. Ask any Questions you please about plants, rowers trults, vegetables or other practical gardening matters. We will take pleasure In answering them . Send I'S Notes of your experience In gardening In any line' tell us of your successes that others may be enlightened and encouraged, and of your failures, perhaps we can help you. send va Photographs or Sketches of you dowers, gardens, greenhouses, fruits, vegetables, or horticultural appliances that we may have them en- graved for gardening. CONTENTS. LANDSCAPE gardening. My homeatTarrytown. N. Y. .illus.) 34 A garden at Oconomowoc (illus.) 34 Fine plants in North Carolina 34 TREES AND SHRUBS. Hamamelis virginica 35 Reliable nursery stock •» A tree-arch over gateway . . ...... 30 Deutzia crenata var. Pride of Rochester .... 36 Scorpion senna (illus.) . . . .... • ■ 38 Golden Chinese arbor- vitse at Dosoris (illus.) . . 6H the flower garden. Flower garden notes 36 Bulbs and bulb planting 3b Clematises in the garden (illus.) . . . . j» Hardy perennials in Fairmount Park (illus.) . . dM Fine foliage plants in the flower garden .... 39 Notes from Springfield. Mass. 40 The rose purple cone-flower (illus.) 4U ro^es. Hardy roses f> My favorite hardy roses . . ... . 41 CHRYSANTHEMUMS. Chrysanthemums *J3 Newer chrysanthemums ... . . *| Chrysanthemums for amateurs 4A VEGETABLES. Storing vegetables for winter . 44 MISCELLANEOUS. Wild senna 4B Torch Lily, or flame flower, or fiery- poker (Tritoma or Kniphofia) is now grand in the park nursery where we have a large bed of it containing hundreds of torches all afire. There is nothing else indoors or outside in the way of flowers to compare with this mass of floral fire, and continuing now after frost has come and destroyed the other pretentious flow- ers makes it doubly valuable. These tri- tomas, either from seed or plants, are within the reach of everyone, and they are easily grown, then why should any of you be without them? They are not particularly hardy, however, but under a heavy mulching they live over winter all right; or they may be lifted and heeled in in a cold frame or pit over winter, or stored in a cold cellar, but they mustn't be kept dry at the root. When writing our advertisers please always mention the fact that you saw the adv. in Gardening. This will mate- rially assist the publishers. As we rigidly exclude from our advertising columns any adv. that we feel is not strictly first-class and in harmony with good business prin- ciples our list is limited and we need the help of our readers to makeol extra value those that we do admit. The wild garden. — We have to thank our esteemed friend Mr. William Robinson of London, lor a magnificently gotten up copy of his excellent work The Wild Garden, and we feel particularly grati- fied to find that the edi-or of Gardening was one of the chosen few who have been presented with these handsome copies. The book teaches, and that too vigor- ously, pointedly and convincingly by pen and pencil how, how to make wild places beautiful. Crotalaria retusa — Mr. A. Iilanc of Philadelphia sends us a bunch of cut flowers of this pretty pea bloom. The sprays are fourteen inches long and each is terminated by a raceme; spikes seven to eight inches in length thickly clothed with large handsome yellow flowers. Really it is very beautifi 1 When we first opened the box the spravs struck us as having a likeness of Thermopsis Carolin- iana, but they are prettier and more graceful. It can be raised from seed. Scabiosa caucasica, the Caucasian scabios, is one of the gems of October. Sharp frost has come and destroyed our bedding plants, most of our other hardy plants have spoiled by drenching rains or frost, but this blue-flowered beauty shows no harm from any cause. It has been in bloom all summer and is fuller and pret- tier now than at any previous period; but it never makes a bigshow. It can be easily gotten up from seed, but as seeds are not over plentiful at anytime, it isn't a plant one is apt to get overstocked with. Try it anyway, and grow it on thoroughly drained but not very dry soil. A bushel basket is an illegal measure in England. A London market gardener sold a bushel of peas to a customer, using a bushel basket as the measure. This was common custom and the customer was perfectly well satisfied. But an inspector of weight s and measures happened to see the transaction and prosecuted the gar- dener for having in his possession, for use in trade, an unstamped bushel measure, and the gardener was fined $5 and costs. Were a basket of peas bought the Act would not apply, for a basket is not a fixed measure any more than a cup of tea is a fixed quantity; but when a bushel of peas is bought, it must be served in a pro- perly stamped and denominated measure. The law is "All measures of capacity must be stamped and denominated, and their measure plainly marked on the outside," and "no local or customary measures, nor those used as heap measures, shall be lawful." Were this thelaw here we won- der what would become of the man who sold us strawberries by the "quart" all last summer. "The Chinese Chestnut" is the Eng- lish name Mr. W. Go dringot London sug- gests for that beautiful little tree, Xan- thoceras sorbifolia, in the Garden, be- cause its flowers look like those of the horse chestnut, and botanically it is a near relative of the horse chestnut. No. no, don't use that name. Speaking of chestnuts generically we always mean sweet chestnuts, and surely neither in flower, fruit, appearance, now family has the xanthoceras any affinity or resem- blance to the sweet chestnut. Besides we have European chestnuts, American chest- nuts, and all are sweet chestnuts, and one ol these days we may have a true and dis- stinct species of sweet chestnut from China, then what would become of your proposed name for the xanthoceras? It would be abandoned. Splendid pictures from life of this tree, its fruit, and flowers from Dosoris, were published in Garden- ing, May 15, 1884-; and another picture of an exceptionally fine plant of it in bloom in Philadelphia, appeared in Gar- dening, June 15, 1895. The Nut Culturist is the name of a new and important work that comes to us from The Orange Judd Co., New York. It is a book 7%x5 inches, contains 290 pages, and over a hundred illustrations, and costs $1 50. The author is our lamented fri nd the late Andrew S. Fuller, of Ridgewood, N.J. Mr. Fuller was a professional arboriculturist of great expe- rience, and had a beautiful country home at Ridg wood where he gathered together for love and experiin nt a vast collection of trets and shrubs ornamental and usc- tul. Nut-bearing trees and nut cultu e were a hobby of his, and this his last lit- erary work — he was the author of several other books on fruits, trees etc. — he used to regard as his crowning effort, it was his pet subject, he was master of it by in- timate practical experience, and he had the field all to himself. How hopefully he used to write to us of its progress every now and again; he lived to finish it but not to see it published. The book deals in detail with every kind of nut tree hardy in this country, for instance almond, wal- nut, hickory, chestnut, hazel, etc., and tells us how to propagate them, grow them, and gather the nuts and make money out of them. And it describes every other kind of nut known anywhere. In fine it is a reliable text book on the subject, and we heartily recommend it to our readers. Variegated Plants in Landscape Gardening. — In company with a gentle- man ot keen perception and horticultural taste we were examining the plants in the park nursery the other day and came upon a fine block of Primus Pissardi in deepest crimson hue, and a patch of Spath's cornus in its golden dress. "Yes, they are very beautiful in their way and striking," we answered, "but we cannot plant them in the park except in the neighborhood of buildings and artificial gardens. We cannot use them out in the park proper." "Why?" he asked in as- tonishment. "Because of their unnatural coloring, and except in very deeply stud- ied groupings their use would be incon- gruous in modern landscape art." Fid- dlesticks! ' ' he exclaimed. "Bless you, man , the most gorgeous colored plants in nature are our loresttreesin theirautumn glory, they are far more brilliant than your garden colored trees, and all man- kind raves over theirappropriatenessand beauty; and if we accept the one, by what consistent law can we reject the other? No sir, never; we want those colored trees and we must have them." Oh that Fred Law Olmstead had been there, or Professor Sargent had been within ear- shot of our respected friend! But time will mellow his enthusiasm. In Schenley Park we hope to have every variegated leaved tree and shrub that is hardy here represented, using them in the gardened part of the park, not so much for land- scape as for educational effect, making a feature of them nowhere; but in the broad a r res of wood, raviie, and setting to the lawns and vistas, purer nature must prevail, and we shall strive after her greatest glory in flower and fruit and vivid autumn foliage. The English Flower Garden —We have repeatedly called your attention to this book and told you that it is the best work on ornamental gardening extant. That's what we used to say of each and i8g6. GARDENING. 43 every one of its four editions as it ap-l peared, and now conies a fifth edition' that completely eclipses its predecessors The book is 9 by G inches and contains 900 pages, and it is illustrated more lav ishly, pointedly and beautifully than any other horticultural book. Its author is Mr. William Robinson of London, the editor of The Garden and Gardening Illustrated, and the author of several other books as Hardy Flowers, The Wild Garden and Alpine Flowers. Mr. Robinson is a keen, vigorous writer, and a trained, practical, professional gar- dener; he loves flowers, knows them, grows them, aud uses hem in a natural and artistically beautiful way. As a landscape gardener he ranks preeminent; in fine the name of William Robinson stands for everything that is nobly and artistically beautiful in gardening, and that is unalterably opposed to humbug and formality. A text book from such an author is a treasure indeed. And this new edition is a completely revised, newly arranged and freshly written work, and it contains a vast amount of new and im- portant information. Oneof the specially valuable additions is the introduction of shrubbery roses, etc., into the body of the work in alphabetical order with the other flowers. You know in very few of our horticultural books have we any full reliable information about ornamental shrubbery, then what a pleasure it is to turn to this magnificent work and in it find the truth in its fulness and purity by a man who knows what he is talking about. In conclusion we advise every reader of Gardening to get .this book; as the Bible is the rule and guide of your life so shall the English flower garden be of the outdoor decoration of your homes. The Pigmy Victoria Regia. — I note in Gardening that you have been attracted by the quaint appearance of the Victoria sent by me to Mr. Pettigrew. It is a very novel and interesting plant and en- tir. ly distinct from the other Victoria. That peculiar flower bud with the smooth sepals is an advantage as it affords us one means of taking hold of some part that is not spiny, the seed, too, is round but one of its main features is its freedom of flowering and at a very early stage or when at a size I've never known an ordi- nary Victoria blossom, another is that the leaves turn up at a very early stage when not more than 10 or 12 inches diameter. Two weeks ago I had a plant in a 10-inch seed pan produce a perfect flower, and the same plant has other buds which will doubtless develop later. I may also say that the same plant (or variety ) will produce average size leaves, say 5 to 6 feet in diameter, and I have had as many as twenty leaves on one plant at one time. Wji. Tricker. Riverton, N. J., Oct. 13, '96. Chrysanthemums. CHRYSANTHEMUMS. Now that nearly all the disbudding is done, you should not think that your labor is over, for you must now be con- tinually on the watch, as we get so much dull weather; if the plants get too wet they will get that much dreaded disease called "the rust." After this date it is always best to keep the plants a little on the dry side, although they should never be allowed to get dry enough to flag or droop. See that no stagnant water is allowed to remain on the walks, and il these are V in a wet condition, sprinkle a covering of ashes or gravel on them.it will keep them ^nice and pleasant looking and you can admire the different varieties as they come into bloom with comfort; besidesthe drv- ' ness preventing mildew, which is often caused by stagnant water about the house. Since the latest introductions of early and very late varieties the chrysan- themum season has been much more ex- tended than it was in former years. At the date of writing I have already sent to the New York niarketblossomsofMadam, Bergmann, white; Marquis deMontmort, pink; Marie Masse, Glory of Pacific, J. E. Lager, Marion Henderson, yellow; and Merry Monarch, white. By this you can see there is quite a collection ol early rari- ties to keep one interested. I expect lots of v-ou will be looking for- ward to the exhibitions to be held next month, and will be sometimes troubled to know the best way to keep any forward blooms back -till show time. Those grown in pots should be moved to a cool dry position in the house and moisture withheld from the foliage as much as pos- sible. In the case of cut blooms, you can keep many of them that are at their best by putting them in a cool cellar, giving them fresh water every 24 hours, and cutting a short piece of the stem off of it every second day. Under this treatment blooms will improve in size and color. If you should have any of the late varieties, such as W. H. Lincoln, yellow; H W. Rieman, golden yellow; Esther Cleveland, rose pink; Maud Dean, rose pink; Mrs. Jerome Jones, white; and Flora Hill, white, keep them in the coolest end of the house and you will be able to have 'mums on your table at Christmas. The following are the best midseason varieties: Yellow.— H. L. Sunderbruch, Georgi- enne Bramhall, Golden Wedding, Miss Georgiana Pitcher, Eugene Dailledouze, Radiance, Minerva, Yellow Queen, Major Bonnaffon, and H. E. Widener. White.— Mavfiower, Mutual Friend, The Queen Mrs. H. McK. Twombly, Niveus, W. G. Newitt, Mrs. H. Robinson, Ivory, Mrs. J. H. Starin, Minnie Wana- maker. Pink.— Helen Bloodgood, Mrs. How- ard Rinek, Mrs. Geo. A. Magee, Pres. W. R. Smith, Viviand-Morel. Mrs. James Eadie, Eda Prass, Dorothy Toler, Lady Playfair. Hairy.— Mrs. W. J. Godfrey, Mrs. A. Hardy, R. M. Grey, Katharine Gordon. Odd Varieties".— Pitcher & Manda, white, yellow center; Andes, terra cotta shaded with gold. Crimson.— G. W. Childs, John Shrimp- ton. A. D. Rose. Jersey City, N. J., October 10, '96. NEWER CHRYSANTHEMUMS. As I write, it is "just before the ball"; we walk through the greenhouses every day and note with pleasure the thick heavy stems rising from the benches, and the closely set foliage crowned by huge buds which promise much for blooming time. Our earliest variety this year is Lady Fitzwigram, we cut the first blooms of it on Sept. 17; it will last till Mme. Berg- mann is ready. Lady Fitzwigram we . on- s der one of the most valuable of the newer varieties, its color is pure white, and its blossom is a little larger than Bergmann and of most beautiful semi- globular, incurved form when finished, in- deed it is very beautiful before it is fully developed. Grown in bush form it is as full and free as a pompon variety. Mrs. M. R. Parker ('95) is a very beautiful early pink, but it has been dropped by commercial growers on ac- count of its flowers falling to pieces so quicklv, this is a pity because it seemed perfect in all other points, such as earli- ness, color, dwarf habit, fine form, and size, but dropping the petals is a fata! fault. Edith Smith ('9.5) is a most beautiful introdue ion. being like an enormous peari white Viviand-Morel; the glimpse we had of it last year 1 ads us to expect great things from it this year, and its fine growth at the present time warrants the expectation. Eva Knowles ('95) is a gorgeous Eng- lish cousin in red and bronze of enormous size and perfect form; it will probablv be seen at many of the shows this fall. Mrs. S. T. Mirdock ('95) promises to take rank very close to Mr. Dorner's other grand variety, Major Bonnaffon; it is a beautiful shade of pink; it is a fine dwarf grower with elegant foliage and looks as if built for business. Philadelphia ('95) when well done is one of the most beautiful of all the prim- rose white sorts, but evidently requires careful culture, and is generally conceded as being primarily an exhibition variety. Mrs. Henry Robinson ('95) is the most perfect early white chrysanthemum ex- tant; its season is Oct. 15 to Nov. 5, and it is easy to manage, being a free grower with good foliage and a strong stem. The flower when finished is globular and incurved, and formed of broad grooved petals; it compels the admiration of every beholder, yet strange to say, our English friends have given it up and pronounced it a failure. Miss M. M. Johnson ('95) is an extra early large yellow, a dwarf grower, with large incurving golden blooms; it follows that other fine yellow, Marion Hender- son, by a few days. H. W. Rieman ('95) is a very large golden globe, massive and compact, with dwarf stems stiff and beautifully clothed; can be had very late in November and for this purpose is the most promising yellow to date, being of freer growth and more easily managed than Dr. Covert or Chal- lenge. Marquis de Montmort is the earliest of the large flowering pink varieties and is being largely tried this autumn; our first blooms were finished Oct. 5, and here in Indiana our chrysanthemum season this year is a week late; the color is not specially pleasing being more violet than pink. It is a tall grower. Last season our national chryanthe- mum society awarded certificates to thir- ty-two varieties, I believe, and nearly all of these were distributed last March; this autumn they are on trial again before a still more exacting tribunal, the commer- cial growers and the exhibitors at the shows; this is a tribunal which does not express its criticisms in smooth phrases nor in doubtful language. In the mean- time the plants are looking fine and if thick stems and good growth count for anything, we shall see most of the novel- ties of the year in fine condition. S. A. Hill. . Richmond, Ind., Oct. 9. 1896. CHRYSANTHEMUMS FOR AMATEURS. At this season every lover of flowers is particularly interested in the Queen of Autumn. Her easy culture, large hand- some flowers, and diversity of color at once commends her to every one, and how can we get such beautiful flowers or nice plants is a question that interests us all. 44 GARDENING. Oct. 75, In the first place make due calculation as to the space which can be devoted to this flower, next decide what pot plants are desired for decorative purposes, and how manv fine exhibition blooms are wanted. For the first, choose nice, healthy young plants about the first of April of such varieties as are given below. If they are at that time growing in a 2-inch pot, they should be shifted into a 3y 2 or 4 inch pot, using a few broken pot sherds at the bottom to insure perfect drainage, No plants suffer more from being over-watered than does the chrys- anthemum. When the plants have been shifted, place them in the most airy part of the greenhouse, and water only wlien they need it; should green fly or oilier in- sects appear, lose no time in killing the same. As soon as the plants have made new roots sufficiently to be seen on the outside of the ball of earth, the tops of the shoots should be pinched outof them, leaving four or five sound leaves on the plant. In about fourteen or sixteen days each of the eyes at the base of these leaves will breakinto growth; each shoot should be encouraged to grow freely, and as soon as the pots are well filled with roots, the plants should be repotted into 6-inch pots, giving a little more drainage in each pot than for the last shift. Keep plants spread out, as they require more room, otherwise they will lose their bot- tom leaves and become unsightly. En- courage six or eight ol the side shoots to grow freely, and should any of them indi- cate stronger growth than the others, pinch the top out so as to keep them shapely in form, and as soon as the pots are a<*ain fairly well filled with roots, shift them into 8 or 9 inch pots When fairly well started to make roots into the new soil they can all be placed in the open ground; in I oing this it is advisable to choose a position somewhat sheltered from strong winds. If the plants can be plunged in the soil nearly to their rims they will be much easier cared for during the summer; after this the principal atten- tion necessary is careful watering, and as the shoots advance in length, a lew small stakes should be put into tne pots, and the shoots lightly tied to them to prevent their being broken by storms. In doing this they should be tied with a view of making a symmetrical plant. As soon as the flower buds are about the size ol peas they should be thinned out, leaving only from three to six buds on each shoot. When this is done, and the buds begin to swell freely, the plants should be given a watering about once a week with weak liquid manure. One week it can be made by putting about a peck of droppings from a stable in a barrel of 50 gallons of water, allowing it to stand 36 or 40 hours before using; alternate this the next week by using 6 or 8 ounces of sul- phate of ammonia in 50 gallons of water. By the end of September the plants should be placed inagreenhouse or where they can be well protected from Irost, but they should never be placed where they cannot get an abundance of air. By this method nice bushy stock with nice quality of flowers can be had. The method for producing the extra fine flowers that are seen at exhibitions is somewhat different. If it is desired to grow them in pots, the easiest way is to start with a healthy young plant from a 2-inch pot about the middle of June; put it on in the same way as described above, but allow only one shoot to grow from each plant; repot as necessary till the plants get into a 6 inch pot; stake the plants as required, and when the buds are ready to thin out, pick out all but the best looking one; feed as advised for the bush plants, and you can get magnificent flowers. The other method to follow is to plant on benches under glass about July first, and grow two flowers to each plant; only in planting in the greenhouse for this purpose they should be planted about eleven to twelve inches apart each way, and trained to stakes or strings as needed; but the plants must have an abundance of airdayand night all through the grow- ing season. The best soil for growing chrysanthemums is a good loam of rather heavy nature with a liberal amount of well decomposed manure added and about fifteen pounds of pure ground bone to each cart load of soil. The whole should be thoroughly well mixed before using. This will give you a compost that will grow chrysanthemums as fine as you wish. The varieties most suitable for bench plants are: WHITE. YELLOW. Mine. K. Bergmann. Yellow Queen. Mrs. H. Rjbinson. Fascination. Ivory. H. L, Sunderbruch. Miss II. Wr-ght. Minerva. Mayflower. Challenge. Niveus. W. H. Lincoln. Mrs. J. Jones. Liberty. PINK. RED. Nemesis. Sunrise. Achilles. Geo W. Childs. [Catherine Leech. Creole. Dean Hole. John Shnmpton. Maud Dean. V. H. Hallock. Titian. And nearly all the smaller anemone and pompon varieties are very useful for this purpose. The above are named in the order of their season of flowering, which covers from October 10 to December 1. For the single flowers either for pot or bench culture the list of extra fine varie- ties is very numerous, but amorg the best are, in addition to the list above, Infatuation, Mrs. J. Peabody, Mrs. Per- rin. Modesto, Sibyl Kaye, F. L Atkins, Helen Bloodgood^ H. W. Rieman, Mrs. S. T. Murdock, Olympus, Philadelphia, Eu- gene I lailledouze, H F. Spaulding, Iora, Mrs. F. Gordon Dexter. Mrs. A. J. Drexel, and Robert Mclnnis. John N. May. Summit, New Jersey, October 13, '96. Vegetables. STORING VEGETABLES FOR WINTER. One of the first requisites for the suc- cessful wintering of many vegetables is protection from hard frosts during the latter days of October. This is especially true of carrots and beets. These should be pulled during the month of October, taking only dry days for the worL. Pits for their keeping should be narrow and deep, not over two feet wide and three feet deep, if pits are very wide the vegeta- bles may be spoiled be heating. In pitting, cut oil all surplus roots and tops and form the heap above the surface of the ground, so that when covered the water will readily escape. All vegetables stored in pits should be thickly covered by straw for a first coat, then apply two or three inches of dirt, to be followed by six inches more when win- ter promises to set in The usual method of burying cabbage is to place it in a shallow trench heads down; running the rows east and west is preferable, as dur- ing the winter it can be taken out easier, the south side of the row not being apt to be frozen hard, incline the roots to the south side of the row to facilitate getting the heads out. In storing celery for win- ter dig a trench a few inches deeper than the length of the celery and as narrow as can be dug with a spade, pack the celery close in the trench in an upright position and cover each root with earth to keep it from wilting, cover the tops with straw or leaves, over which place two boards nailed together in the form of an inverted trough, then cover with earth Potatoes to be kept in first-class eating condition should be excluded from all light. The bins in which they are placed may be kept covered with blankets and the win- dows of the room darkened. Turnips and ruta bagas may be kept in the same man- ner as beets and carrots, salsify and parsnips may also be kept or packed in barrels of moist sand in the cellar. For spring use salsify and parsnip should be left in the ground where grown as kept in this way it is of superior flavor. Winter radishes should be kept in boxes of moist sand in the cellar. H ITHK ARDY ORNAMENTAL TREES, SHRUBS, VINES, EVER- "^f^"^:'^:^^ GREENS, AND HARDY HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS, illustrated de.criptive catalogue on appllC- tion. Plans and estimates furnished. Send your list of needs for special rates. READING NURSERY, ,T\rOK M\ MANXINfl, Proprietor. READING, MASS. J When wrUlnjr mention Gardening. -V^lEHAH Meehans' Monthly. "The novice or amateur fond of flowers (and who is not?), knowing little or noth- ing of the gardeners' art, flnds in this periodical con- stant guidance and instruc- tion conveyed in a popular form."— Philadelphia Ledger. "A magazine that those in- terested in the subject of gar- dening cannot well afford to be without."— Boston Herald. A twenty paged magazine of intelligent and practical Horticulture. Wild Flowers and kindred sub- jects Illustrated with copper and wood engravings. Each issue contains a beautiful colored plate of a WUd Flower or Fern-engraved and printed by Prang & Co., expressly for this work. Meehans' Monthly contains practical and general information on all horticultural subjects, the care and culture of trees, shrubs, hnrdy plants, fruits and vegetables. The chapters on Wild Flowers and Bolanv are written in such a simple form that the amateur has no difficulty in gleaning informa- tion on a subject that heretofore has onlv been open to the student of Botanv. It is not a work catering to an idle hour and then to be thrown aside. As a volume for the library it is equal to the best works on botanical and general horticultural subjects, and as such, it has a value far beyond the usual monthly magazines. Subscription Price. *2.00 per year; #1.00 for fi months. Sample copies Free.? In Club with Gardening for one vear. for $3.50. THOHAS HEEHAN & 50N5, Publishers, Box c> .... OERHANTOWN, Philadelphia, Pa. i8g6. GARDENING. 45 The choicest 1| M.MII.I \». JAPANESE MAPLES unci other TREES SHRUBS are accurately de- scribed iu our New Catalogue. Protiu-eiy illustrated, including three lithographs. Contains prices of large and small trees, speci- mens for immediate eft'ect; and special prices for quanti- ' ties. A Guide to Tree Plant- | Ins. The most complete catalogue of its I kind ever published. 6 cents in stamps. THOS. MEEHAN & SONS, Germautowu, Philadelphia. SEEDS -BULBS- PLANTS Vauohan's Seed Store, New York: 14 Barclay Street. CHICAGO: 84 & 86 Randolph St. New. Kareand Beautiful Plants Lord Penzance's new hybrid Sweet Briars. Old Garden Roses; New Roses; standard Roses. Philadelphia Lemoinei; New Lilacs; Lonicera Hildebrandtii; Spiraea "Anthony Waterer." A large collection of rare hothouse and greenhouse plants, Anthuriums, Alocacias, Orchids, etc. Rare Conifers and other beautiful Evergreens. Magnolias, Japanese Maples, with other choice Trees and shrubs. P/EONIES— A large collection oi the finest in cul- tivation. Hardy Perennials, Phloxes, Japan- ese Iris, Roses, Clematis, etc. New and Stand- ard Fruits, etc ^"Catalogues on application. JOHN SAUL, Washington, D. C. BLOOMINGTON (Phoenix) NURSERY. . . . 600 Acres. Thirteen Greenhouses. Trees Plants We offer a large and fine stock of every description of Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Roses, Vines, Small Fruits, Hedge Plants, Fruit and Forest Tree Seedlings. Priced Catalogue mailed Tee. Established 1852. PHOENIX NURSERY COMPANY, (Sue to Sidney Tuttle & Co.) Bloouiington, 111. Wnen writing mention Gardening BARGAINS IN Send 10 *.ts in stamps for Illustrated Catalogue. We beat the world. Box 2, Cood & Reese Co., Springfield, O. FLOWERS PLEASE MENTION GARDENING WHEN WRITING TO ADVERTISERS. HENRY A. DREER'S Autumn Catalogue Now Ready FREE TO ALL APP LICANTS A handsome book of 48 pages, with beautiful lithographed covers, describing and illustrating a'.l that is best in BULBS with full cultural directions for Hyacinths, Narcissus, Tulips, Lilies, etc., etc. Note, — To all purchasers of Bulbs will be sent, free, a copy of our Garden Calendar, issued January, 1897. HENRY A. DREER 714 Chestnut Street PHILADELPHIA, PA. When writing mention Gardening. Small Fruits, Grapes, Shrubs, Roses, Evergreens, Hardy Plants. LARGEST AND CHOICEST COLLECTIONS INtAMERICA. New Catalogue, beautifully illustrated. -Fr^to^regular customers, to others 10c. lor postage. TREES FRUIT AND ORNAMENTAL. ELLWANGER & BARRY, Mount Hope Nurseries, ROCHESTER, N. Y. Established over Half a Century ago. When writing mention Gardening. THE STORRS & HARRISON CO., PAINESVILLE, LAKE CO., OHIO. occupy the most favorable location between the oceans for the production of healthy nursery stock, extending one and a half miles along the banks of Lake Erie. It is conceded that their facilities are unsurpassed and that there is no better place in the United States for nursery- men and florists to sort up, dealers to pack or planters "to order from. The aim of the Starrs & Harrison Co. be- ing to carry a full, complete lineof Fruit and Ornamental Trees. Shrubs, Roses, Bulbs, Greenhouse Plants, Etc. Their annual production of Roses exceeds three quarters of a million and their budding of Peach last season was 939, 122, other fruits are grown in proportion. Can supply hundreds of car loads of Ornamentals. Cor- respondence and personal inspection solicited. Catalogues free. 43rd year, 1000 acres, 29 greenhouses. Address as above, box 308 When writing mention Gardening. Andorra Nurseries 90 Acres of well=grown Trees, Shrubs, Roses and Fruit WILLIAM WARNER HARPER, Hanager, Chestnut Hill, PHILA., PA. SPECIALTIES : LARGE ( Specimen Ornamental Trees, [ Hardy Rhododendrons and Azaleas When writing mention Gardening. 4 6 GARDENING. Oct. r 5, In conclusion successful keeping of vege- tables largely depends on gathering before the freezing weathtr; and the avoidance of heating and rotting by having small nar- row pits; a heavy covering of straw with a couple of inches of dirt to hold it in place for a first coat, to be followed later by a sufficient coat of dirt to protect them during the winter months. Silas L. Albertson. Long Island, N. Y. Man to grow mushrooms and lettuces indoors wanted by G. 0.,East Liverpool, Ohio. Ans. We do not know of such a man who is disengaged. Use our adver- tising columns. Miscellaneous. WILD SBNNfl. (Cassia Marilandica.) This hardy, graceful and showy plant is one of the most beautiful things we have in bloom, and if you happen to have a soft spot of free soil on the great slopes you seek to cover you should plant a good group of it. With us it is very gay and the picture it makes, like not a lew good things one sees in gardens, is the outcome of accident, not the result of de- sign. A number of scattered plants have sprung up upon some shrub-clothed slopes; evidently the roots came in the soil that was brought for surfacing pre- vious to planting, and on these slopes with a full southern exposure this plant has found the conditions congenial and has thrust its strong woody shoots up through or between the shrubs that were planted. The stronger growths are quite 5 feet long, terminated with a cluster one foot in length of myriads of showy yellow blossoms, small individually, but richly effective by reason of their exceeding pro- fusion. Besides the terminal clusters there are several other smaller ones on lateral branches. Its shoots are well clothed their entire length with elegant pinnate leaves, whilst its growth is so substantial and woody as to make it ap- pear cpjite shrub like, but it is reallv an herbaceous perennial, dying back to the ground in winter. One group of plants has appeared behind and running into a group of the light green feathery Spirxa Thunbergi and the combined effect of these two is delightful, suggesting a com- bination of the two in planting. If some bushes of this spiraea were set out rather thinly and the cassia distributed through a perfect summer picture of graceful growth and showy flowers would be easily created. [It grows wild in the woods hereabout, and is an excellent persistant plant, especially where its roots can get down some depth into the ground. — Ed.] A. H. Madison N. J. SITUATION WANTED— A eardener. well experi- enced In the cultivation of flowers and vegetables Knows the care of greenhouses and frames. Middle age. Good recommendations. Gentleman'B place preferred. Is a good landscape gardener. Address A B. care Chas. Everdlng. Branford. Conn. 1^ OLD COLONY NURSERIES. ™* Hardy Shrubs, Trees, Vines, Ever= greens and Perennials A large and fine slock of well-rooted plants, grown in a sandy loam. Good plants, best sizes for planting; very cheap. Priced Catalogue free on application. B. M. WATSON, Plymouth, Mass. Please mention Garden ng when writing to advertisers. A FEW MORE FACTS For Home Owners and Farmers PRICES OF FARMING PRODUCTS HAVE FALLEN, and so have most of the commodities which we buy clothing and provisions of all sorts - and to= day every man and every woman pays less than ever before on account of the sharp competition forced upon merchants and manufacturers to keep their business going and pay their help. TO FARMERS. The Democratic Party in the Fifty-third Congress imjosed a big load on the agricult- urist; of the Un.ted States by the Wilson Tariff Bill. Fur instance, wool, one of the greatest industries of the land, was placed on the Free List, thereby causing absolute stagnation in this domestic trade! It further caused the actual loss to our wool growing farmers of millions of dollars Our farmers can raise 95 per cent, of all the wool needed for use here, and conse- quently ought to be protected from the cheap foreign raisecs. Eggs. The McKinley Bill put the duty on Eggs at 5 cents pe*- dozen, while the Wilson Bill reduced it to 3 cents per dozen, with a consequent loss to all who keep poultry for a profit. The amount per dozen may seem small, but the aggregate is enormous; and yet the retail prices to the buyer are no lower. Now, WHO makes the profit? The importer from foreign countries! Hay. Formerly protected by $4 per ton, the Democratic policy (Wilson Bill) reduced it to $2 per ton. Canadian eggs and hay, consequently, came into this market to the detriment of every American producer. Ruinous Policy. Mr. Bryan, the Democratic-Popocratic nominee for the Presidency, has unqualifiedly indorsed this policy. This shows that he is not the friend of the farmer and the home owner. Mr. Brya/i was a member of the Ways and Means Committee which framed the Wilson Bill, and opened the cheap markets of the world against our own people. Who should be protected if not American people 1 Are we living for the rest of the world or for ourselves? The Home Market. That is what the farmers and all other wage earners need, and it is what they should have. It belongs to them rather than to the Englishman or the Russian or the German, and it is, as Mr. McKinley says, "The best market in the world," and the Republican Party believes that the best is none too good for the farmer. "Open the Mills, instead of the Mints," is Major McKinley's advice. What will be the result? You will increase the number of workers and consumers. When you do that you will improve the market, not only for farmers, but for other producers. You will also increase the prices that farmers and other producers receive tor their products. This is sound Republican doctrine. A vote for McKinley and Hobart is a vote to open the mills and improve the markets. Democracy and the Farmer? Strange, weird combination. Like oil and water, they don't mix. The only patty that has loyally looked after the farmer's interests is the Republican Party. It has given Protection to every agricultural interest and to every farm product. For instance, in 1S91, under Protection, the price of wool was 32 cents; under Free Trade, in 1896, the price of wool is 15 cents. This is a difference of 17 cents per pound. Who loses it? The farmer who grows the wool. It is what he pays to enjoy the luxury of Free Trade. Protection and Limited Coinage of Silver re to-day what th e countrv needs, and prosperity is bound to come with this sort of leg- siation. The votes of the honest, thinking men of the country will determine it No- vember 3d. The Gold Dollar is a Sound Dollar. The gold standard is recognized as the basis of actual value in all the civilized nations of the earth. If you are satisfied to accept a dollar worth only fifty cents, vote for Bryan and Sewall. If you want a dollar worth one hundred cents, your vote should be cast for McKinley and Hobart, and thus get full value for your work and your products, whether of your farm, your hands or your brains. Will you vote for a loo-cent Dollar or a 53-cent Dollar? McKinley and Hobart are the 100-cent men. Bryan and Sewall are the 53-cent men. iSg6. GARDENING. 47 JOHN G. MONINGER GO. Cypress write Green=House F C ° A R TLG 412 Construction 422 Material. Hawthorne Ave., Chicago, 111. IF YOU LIKE GARDENING PLEASE RECOMMEND IT TO YOUR FRIENDS. The Smith Premier Typewriter Company, whose typewriter is now so well and favor- ably known, is constantly endeavoring to make typewriting easier and more practical. They have within the past year placed upon the market the new No. 2, 3 and 4, contain- ing new and useful improvements, such as are not to he found in those of other manu- facture. These new machines are by far the best mechanically constructed, conse- quently the most durable, easily operated and simplest writing machines on the mar- ket. Beginners like them because they are simple and easy to learn; experts because they are faster and more accurate; employers because they are durable and least expensive. The office of the Smith Premier Typewriter Company is at No. 154 Monroe street, Chicago. PLEASE MENTION GARDENING WHEN WRITING TO ADVERTISERS. HITCHINGS & CO. Established 50 Years. Horticultural Architects and Builders And Largest Manufacturers of GREENHOUSE HEATING AND VENTILATING APPARATUS. The Hlgest Award Received at the World's Fair for Horticultural Architecture, Greenhouse Construction and Heating: Appratus. Conservatories, Greenhouses. Palni Houses, etc., erected complete with our Patent iron Frame Construction. SEND FOUR CENTS FOR ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUES. -jj fiercer Street, NEW YORK CITY. H. H. HOOKER COHPANY, 57 and 59 West Randolph Street, CHICAGO. GLASS FOR GREENHOUSES.^^ Plate, Window and Art Glass, Paints, Oils, Etc. Burpee's Seeds ARE THE BEST THAT GROW W. ATLEE BURPEE & CO., Philadelphia. Announcement to Florists — —^m^L. We desire to announce the dlasolut'on of the Arm of Slpfle. Dopffel & Co.. and to Introduce to the trade Ite successor. The Syracuse Pottery Co . which will be under the management of William Dopffel and Conrad Rreltschwerth. The business will be conducted aB heretofore, except on a larger Bcale to meet the growing demand for our goods. W« have accordingly enlarged our plant and capacity, and with unsurpassed facilities are uow prepared to fill the largest order on short notice. Our latest Improved machines are turning out tne best and most serviceable flower pots In the market, and assuring you of our intention to lead In further Improvements, we solicit a continuance of your patronage In the belief that we can supply just what Is needed at a price and In a manner satisfactory to all. Send for price list and samples, and we know you will give us an order SYRACUSE POTTERY CO., Office 403 N. Salina St., SYRACUSE, N. Y. IS MUC CYPRE35 :H MORE DURABIETHA HAN PINE ►res: SASH BARS FEET >» LENGTH ut LONGE R . iREENHOUSE AND OTVj£ R BUILDIN6 M ATERIAL. Ser>ff\f»rourlliu»trat«4 Book "CYPRESS LUMBER*** frs USES." Send for-tfur Special 6reenhous*CtrculM-. T HE A.T STear^j Lumber (0. Nefr qnseiH &9Stcn, ft a£s.* THE EMERSOK |tt!E»Eft| A rrr.F. And Permanent I Binding for Music, Periodicals.Photos I of Goods, Samples, I 1 of Faeries, etc. s5a»3 Ctt *>iJC>*. Fine field-grown plants for fall planting. ALSO HARDY ROSES ON OWN ROOTS. Payson's Fair Oaks Nursery, Trees and Shrubs. OAK PARK, Cook Co., ILL. IF YOU LIKE PLEASE RECOMMEND IT TO YOUR FRIENDS. LORD & BURNHAM CO., Horticultural Architects |p Builders STEAM AND HOT WATER HEATING ENGINEERS. PlanB and estimates lurnisbed on application Largest builderg of Greenhouse Structures. Six highest Awards at the World's Fair. t9~Send Four Cents Postage for Illustrated Catalogue, LORD & BURNHAM CO., Arc ^ F U T r H a ^ v": c c e oV '.** «.. Factory: Irvington-on-Hudson. N. Y. NEW YORK CITY. When writing mention Gardening. The trouble with some conservatory heaters is that they do not heat evenly — they're affected by the winds — permit the windward side of the house to be as cold as the outside atmos- phere and overheat the other side. You know plants can't thrive in a house heated in that way. The ''LITTLE GIANT" HOT WATER HEATER warms the room uni- formly — and maintains an evenness of temperature. Catalogue free. • we heat the world." jfmer/can & otter Company 84 Lake Street, CHICAGO. 94 Centre Street, NEW YORK. BULBS Special low prices to close out Surplus Stock J. WILKINSON ELLIOTT, Landscape Architect, — PITTSBURG, PA. FLORA of JAPAN & CALIFORNIA Chinese Narcissus over 100 varieties of Lily Bulbs, Camel ias. Palms, etc HARDY PLANTS, Japan Maples, ris K.. C ematis. Cacti. Flower Seeds and seeds of the most interesting and beautiful plants of California and Jaoan. Send for our richly Illustrated Catalogue of 48 pages giving full descriptions of above. H. H. BERCER & CO., San Francisco. Cal. iKSTABL-SHEIl VSIS > OUP^CBERT SPECIALTY ri-ir pictubr 5i n >\ /s the t:x i WOrSErjS FMIC BUTCIWEi- . MDEfl or rtlECoeoB " , ■ i iWF.es T I : ii iiii Hi! HI! r Please mention GARDENING every time you write an advertiser. Vol. V. ri.OO a Year. '24 Numbers. CHICAGO, NOVEMBER i, 1896. Single Copy 10 Cents. No. 100. ^ V; a^««a^ ^£i •^SSIrtLii.JBfcv- \ >-,>* "rat 1 vE-^*3r^?iE^» K : --7 '■' ■ '/^g^ ■r--'J.K**^,: - 1 ■i \- - ;" V*j. ; " f -- ?■ T"^ £■*" Ops Km '■ - L. i ' ,v ! ' -,, , 4 *'" . .' , v -'. * '■- "*. ?.->»P ' wBHI 9e ww".' ■ " ** yi -SGt **^5 beixbi ■"":r i- f i,-. ■-..,- ■ PIJKSIf SJ &&&& ■■■: Q&r, - * ■ - . jf* 1 ; \^. © ** ■•'" - * -...-- V* -4 HC V "• - ..■"''■ ■■'■'. ''' .'. "'r- ■■"■:'" -•>....- i x I5PP»*".' ^^^«^3B S THE CHINESE GOLDEN LARCH (l^eudolarix Kampferi) AT DOSORIS. Trees and Shrubs. THE CHINESE GOLDEN LflRGtt. (Pscudolarix Kccmpferi.) This is a beautiful Chinese coniferous tree nearly allied to the larches, and it is hardy and happy in our gardens. Our illustration shows one of two fine plants of it at Dosoris, but unfortunately be- cause of their surroundings we were una- ble to get a good and untrammeled pho- tograph of either. The largest specimen we know of is on the old Parsons place at Flushing, Long Island; the Dosoris trees come next, then a handsome speci- men in the beautiful grounds of Mr. H. H. Hunnewell near Boston. The trees are deciduous, low branching, wide spreading and full, and the branchlets are dense fleecy wreaths of soft, green leaves, indeed the diameter of spread of branches is much greater than the height of the tree. It is called larch, because of the resemblance of the bunches of leaves to those of the larch, and golden because these leaves in the process of nearing decay in late summer assume a yellowish look, but they are far more beautiful in their full freshness of green. They bear cones and ripen seed freely at Glen Cove, and the seed is good and germinates readily. While it is not a tree we would recom- mend in a small collection of ornamental trees, it is one that every medium sized and pretentious garden should have be- cause of its distinctive beauty. Always grow it isolated a little from other trees, so as to show it off to better advantage. AUTUMN-TINTED FOLIAGE. The coloring of the foliage of trees and shrubs has not been as fine this year as in some former seasons, so much rain, no doubt, had something to do with this. Japan maples, however, are better than ever, especially the polymorphum and palmatum kinds. But, you ought to see our snowy sea elder ( Baccharis halimifo- lia), its snowy, fluffy tailed seeds are very striking. Ornamental berry-bearing shrubs are still very beautiful. The arms of the Chinese matrimony vine are loaded with its coral fruit; the American calycarpa is lull of glossy purple berries, the high-bush cranberry ( Viburnum Opulus) is loaded with polished fruit, and the vivid scarlet berries of the Winterberry bushes ( Prinos rerticillata and P. laevigata) are strik ingly beautiful Several barberries, such as 50 GARDENING. Nov. /, the Chinese and Thunberg's are drooping in coral, the chokeberry is laden, and sev- eral species of thorn (Crataegus) are full of red and showy fruit, and the Amelanchier japonica with dark red. T' R. Trumpv. Kissena, L. I., Oct. 31, '96. IRON-GLflD EVERGREENS. The following list of evergreens is per- fectly hardy in the northwest: American arbor \itx (Thuja Occiden- talis) and all of its varieties. fir trees (Abies). Balsam fir (A. balsamea). Fraser's fir (A. Fraseri). Siberian fir (.4. Sibirica). Colorado white fir (A. concolor). pine trees (Pious). White pine (P. strobus). Ked pine ( P. resinosa). Mountain pine (P. Mugho). Scotch pine (P. sylvestris). Austrian pine (P Austriaca. The pitch pine (P. rigida), and Wiscon- sin gr- tends to an unpleasing confusion of irregularity. When the tree is set it should receive protection against accidents and as a means of support, by a wooden box. The box should be about six feet in height, made of strips three inches in width and one inch in thickness; these are fastened to square frames made of heavier mate rial, one near the bottom and one near the top; the bottom frame is sixteen inches square, and the top frame twelve inches square. The box is fastened when set by driving four stakes in the ground, one at each side, in a slanting direction, well nailed to the box. The tree is fas- tened by straps of leather passed round its stem, and nailed to the top frame; 52 GARDENING. Nov /, these straps should be maintained aslong as the box remains, otherwise the tree will be injured by rubbing against the box in windy weather. This box should remain as long as it is able to support the tree during storms, afterwards it should be removed, and the stem encireltd by woven wire netting, fastened loosely around the tree as a protection for injury against horses biting the bark, or from other causes which might harm the tree. INSECTS. The most troublesome insects on street trees are caterpillars, such as the fall web- worm, the bag-worm and others. The elm leaf-beetle and scale infects or bark- lice are also likely to be found on trees, especially those in declining vigor; but it is only a question of labor in appliances to keep trees from material injury from any of these defoliators. All kinds of leaf-eating insects can be destroyed by spraying with arsenical mixtures, and bark-lice are destroyed by kerosene emul- sions; the preparation and application of these insecticides are generally understood so it is not necessary to further allude to them here. Sometimes trees that are sickly become so heavily infested with scale insects that the entire surface of the tree is covered with them; these can be cleaned by cut- ting them back severely just as the leaves are falling in autumn, completely divest- ing the trees of all spray and small branches, leaving nothing but stumps of the heavy branches which are then coated with ordinary lime whitewash. This will smother the insects and clean the tree; it is heroic treatment, but it is effect- ual, and the trees will in time recover a new top, and again assume a healthy condition. All kinds of scale on all kinds of trees can be destro\ - ed by a covering of lime-wash. William Saunders, Supt. of Gardens and Grounds U. S. Dep't of Agriculture, Washington, D. C, Oct. 23, '96. AN AUTUMN RAMBLE. A lovely day is this 22nd of October. Inspired by its beauty and the wealth of foliage we took a walk to view the ap- pearance of some of our variegated and parti-colored plants that give such a charm and variety to our autumn land- scape. The variegated weigelia, privet, althea and dogwood are desirable for effect to break the monotomvof continuousgreen. For purple shades we givi the preference to the purple plum and purple barberry. They are perfect even now and hold their color through the season while most other purple trees fadethelast of summer The evergreen euonymuses were beautiful with leaves bordered or splashed with white and yellow, I ut we fear for their hardiness The variegated honeysuckle is a pei feet beauty and the celastru- artic- ulate with such a profusion of seed pods far exceeding our native species is a sur- prise Euonymus radicans with silver foliage is a low vine or bush. What pretty leaves the Euonymvs alatus has. It is a curious bush, leaves bright red and showy. What a profusion of colored leaves the Japan dogwood (Benthamia) has and so too has the flowering dog- wood. (Cornus Florida) and Cormis Kousa is easily grafted on our common dogwood. Thunborg's barberry is in its brilliant color, and its red berries, in addi- tion to the leaves render it a great acqui- sition to our list. With regret we notice our Caryopteris mastacanthus has been slain by Jack frost; it is one of, if not the most lovely late flowering shrubs we have, and the Desmodium penduliBoram pel '&£$'& ALSTRCEMERIA AURANTIACA. { Lespedeza sieboldii) has parted with its beauty. Let us take a look at our yellow leaved friends. Here is a tall yellow poplar, but the country is lull of yellow leaves, dyed by approaching death, and we, like W. C. Bryant, dislike yellow-leaved trees, they look sickly and unnatural throughout the season; give us bright, cheerful colors, fresh and healthy looking, and unless the leaves are mottled or margined with red, green or purple we esteem them not. Itea virginica is a modest plant and the foliage is bright, so too, is the bridal wreath spirea and itsrelative Thunltergii. But we could go on enumerating the oaks, Liquidamber (Sweet Gum or Pep- eridge) and other gay lv dressed trees, not omitting the sumachs. The Lonicera Hcckrottii blooms almost till December and it is desirable, but little known, and the snowberry white and red help to make our homes attractive at this sea- son. But none of these are superior to the Japan maple atrosanguinea, so richin color, charming in form, delicate and ladylike; it is not strange that these little trees are such favorites. We have omitted the black alder {Ilex verticillata) with its profusion of red berries, and our American and European euonymuses. To see a fine grown eypriss (Glyptostrobus pendula) at this reason is a novelty but it is a magnificent sight. Isaac Hicks. V\ estburv, L. I. and broken off in the lifting, so I mulched the soil heavily where they had been planted. The next spring I found quite a little group of plants there which came up and bloomed. The following winter, and ever since, I allow all except two plants tu remain and protect them as follows: A heavy coating of dry leaves is put immediately over them, and a box with a tight bot- tom inverted over the leaves. Then a coating of strawy manure or tops of perennial asters or any rough litter is put over the box and on the earth some dis- tance around. They come up smilinglv each spring and grow about three feet tall, increasing quite rapidly. The soil in which they are planted is well drained and rather light. I noticed that plants remaining in the ground bloomed earlier than those disturbed, and in order to prolong the season of bloom, I now take up two plants and winter them in the cold frame. Their flowers are very- satisfactory when cut as their lasting qualities in the house are excellent. On the plant the bloom is quite profuse for some six or more weeks if the seed pods are cut off. Highland Park, 111. W. C. Egan. The Flower Garden. TAB PERUVIAN LILY. (Alstroemeria aurantiaca) This plant with its beautiful light orange-colored, orchid like flower is a native of Peru and not supposed to be quite hardy here. Acting upon this sup- position when I first grew it, several years ago I planted it in galvanized wire bas- kets, something like an office desk waste basket, but made of heavy galvanized iron, and when winter came placed these in the cold frame. The plants are root spreaders and I noticed that when taken up in the fall their long slender succulent roots had wandered out of the basket, CLASSES AND VARIETIES OF ASTERS. The engravings show typical flowers of thirty i lasses and varieties of China asters just as they actually are, not as some artists imagine they ought to be, or as they are usually represented in en- gravings. The distinctive characteristics of some of them cannot be shown in pho- tographs of the flowers alone as they vary more in the habit of the plants in some cases than in the flowers. The flowers were all a little above the medium size and I took particular care in arranging and photographing them to show the comparative size as accurately as possi- ble. No. 1 is Lady White; 2, Ball or Jewell; 3, Victoria Needle; 4, Boltze's Dwarf Bou- quet; 5, Ne Plus Ultra; 6. Imbrique Pom- pon; 7, Dwarf Pyramidal Bouquet; 8 Triumph; 9, Needle or Hedgehog; 10, Pom- pon Crown; 11, Quilled German; 12, Pompon Ne. die; 13, Pyramidal-flowered German; 14-, Harlequin; 15, Globe-flow- ered German; 16, Princess or Snowball; i8g6. GARDENING. 53 17 IS 83 24 I.', 36 CLASSES AND VARIETIES OF ASTERS. 17, Bttteridge's Prize; 18, Crown or Cocardeau; 19, Giant Comet, the Brick; 20, Comet; 21,-Dwarf Oueen; 22, Goliath; 23, Victoria; 24, Giant Emperor; 25, Truffant's Pa^ony-flowered Perfection; 26, Rose-flowered; 27. Semple's or Vick's White Branching; 28, Princess or Snow- ball; 29, Japanese; 30, Chrysanthemum- flowered. L. W. Goodeli., Pansy Park, Mass. MY FLOWER GARDEN IN WINTER. Many of my plants are wintered in my cellar which is dry, being well cemented; all windows are made tight for the win- ter except the eastern which is opened as much as the weather permits; the door not opening out doors can often be open when the window is shut. It is never musty nor does it freeze, for fear of which in intensely cold weather, I burn a coal oil lamp or coal stove I first took up my Crinum Moorei and without trimming hung it in the cellar, when dry well put it into a paper flour sack and hang back until March, then pot it and grow indoors until May, then plant it in the garden in sunshine morn- ing and evening, but shaded by the house in the middle of the day. I had eight lovely blooms with this treatment and never any before. Tigridias and gladioli alter being dried off are topped, put into paper bags and hung to the ceiling of the cellar. I am trving tuberoses the same waj- this win- ter. The dahlias which were marked with strings as nearly tht-ircolor as possible be- fore frost, are now dug and the roots put on thefloorof thecellarunder the bins, be- ing sure each root touches the floor, so none get too dry. The cannas are treated the same way only the dahlias have no dirt to them and the cannas have all that will stick, and after placing them, all the holes between them are packed with moist, not wet, dirt, these I leave just so until after the real cold weather is over when they are taken out and looked over; if any are rotting they are cleaned off and put back until time to put into a rather cool hot- bed for sprouting. The dahlias are then pulled to the light, and left on the floor to sprout. Montbretias are taken up by the shovelful and put on the cellar floor, dirt and all; part I leave in the garden and bank slightly with earth; these will generally live with me and bloom the best. Fancy caladiums were put into pots and the leaves allowed to die by degrees, then the earth to dry, when they were covered, to keep out mice and put, on a high shell in my diningroom, which never freezes. Cacti will be put on the same shelf after awhile and given the least bit of water during the winter. Lemon verbena is planted against the chimney of my sitting room, where there is a constant fire; when the leaves die, will cut it to the ground and cover it with pine leaves. It has lived through several winters hers. Hydrangeas are cut down within four inches of the ground and covered with pine and other leaves. I find it as great advantage to trim up and cut to the ground or nearly so manv things that are left out in winter; they are not then shaken and loosened by the wind. After the wires forthe sweet peas, nasturtiums, morningglories, etc., are all taken in and the garden iscleaned up Igo carefully over the whole putting a shovel full or more earth over the tops of the desmodiums, sunflowers, montbretias and all such slightly tender plants, and then a little earth well up around the necks of the dwarf phlox, snapdragons, lavender; in fact most plants left out are helped by it. Many plants will stand the coldest weather in winter and be killed by the freezing and thawing in spring Watch well then and if your banking ha. 54 * * ' GARDENING. Nov. /, not kept them tight and snug give them some more. All is now ready for a coat of well rotted manure. My fern bed is my darling It has a back ground of tall box wood that does not show so much in summer but comes out beautifully as the summer ferns die. This and the lovely evergreen ferns from the Alleghany Mountains makesit a feast for my eyes. " Whenever not covered with snow"! am plantingsome extra pretty cro- cuses among the ferns to bloom in spring before the summer ferns wake up to much growth. No manure is put here only their own leaves to enrich th m. I simply trim out the long stems. Mrs L. C. Chrisman. Rockingham Co., Va. GOBEA AND OTHER VINES COVERING fl CHIM- NEY. I send you bv this mail the photograph of "the chimney." Vou will remember that you have'been consulted through Gardening about a self clinging vine lor that chimnev, and the Gordian knot has been cut with annuals. The success has been so unexpected that I telt you must see mv triumph, as far as a photo will allow'youto do so. There is a Henryii clematis on the farther corner that has never heretofore reached above the lower window ledge and even now has only spread around in a space some three feet square and produced numbers of large flowers all summer— in fact, there are three now ready for the scissors to-mor- row The annuals are a pot of Mina lobata and a white Cobxa raised from seed sown in March— and see thegrowth, for it is fullv thirty feet to the eaves of the house, and since this photograph was taken, strings have been carried over the top of the chimney, which is ten feet higher and the vine is nearly to the top now. There was, of course, a bunch ol spravs at the top ready to go upward, but for some inscrutable reason they do not appear in this photo. We mean to use only coba^a another season because of its cast iron endurance of frost, whereas the Mina is almost as tender as a helio- trope. The shrub at the right is a Loni- cera Morrowii, and the one at the left of the chimnev is a deutzia, Pride of Roches- ter, both of a handsome shape and about « feet high. The blurred look in the deutzia is a tamarix, and the white trouble in the lower left hand corner of the picture is a hydrangea that the pho- tographer seemed to think would prevent our having this view. Indiana. F. Norton Biggs. PREPARING FOR WINTER AND SPRING; WHAT WE ARE DOING FOR IT NOW. Frost paid us a visit on the 9th inst., and next day everything was hanging its head in mourning. We will now have to get the garden cleaned up and all dead stuff taken away. But such plants as phloxes and others with stalks that stand up all winter we do not cut, as we like to see the snow hang on them; we put a few pieces of cedar among them, and in this wav have something green in the garden in winter. We are also busy makingnew borders for perennials and filling them,' digging up plants that have got to be too large and resetting them. All this sort of work that is done in the fall helps greatly to lessen the spring work. These new borders we are filling with the perennial plants we raised from seed this summer; they are nice sized plants and lift with big balls of roots, and they will all flower next summer. We have about four thousand plants of this summer's raising, and what ANNDAL VINES COVERING A CHIMNEY TO THE EAVES. 20 FEET HIGH. is not needed just now we will put into the reserve garden where we can get them at an}' time. In preparing the borders plenty of old rotted cow manure and wood ashes were used, as the large rooted plants soon exhaust the soil in which they are gro » ing. Do not plant too close, as the plants soon get to a large size, and leave a few spaces here and there to be filled with annuals to brighten up the border and make it more interesting. In arranging a border of this sort avoid planting in lines. Put a clump of this and that in here and there, putting the tallest to the back and the low growing plants to the front, and plant lots of bulbs in it. Plant them at the same time as > ou do the other plants, laving them there to take care of themselves, and by the time the border plants need resetting the bulbs can be taken up and spread out too. A light coating of old manure around the plants will help them, but do not put on your winter protection for some time yet. We have finished putting up a number of windbreaks; these were made of tall field corn. Posts were sunk in the ground about ten feet apart and cross stakes nailed to them; the corn was put up on each side of this and tied to these stakes. This makes a fine windbreak, and is the proper thing to put around evergreen trees that are a little exposed tothenorth and west winds. We also put one at the frame ground to keep the wind from blowing off the straw or other covering. It is a little early for this work, but as the corn was being cut we had it hauled right from the field and put up, saving two handlings of it. In cutting over the dead stalks of the perennials do not cut over the Japan iris. These are better left as they are till spring; put some old manure around the plants and leave it on as a mulch for sum- mer covering. The rhizomes of the Ger- man iris often get decayed if a covering of manure is put on them, and more so if the winter is open. If you do not intend to lift any of your perennial plants till spring be sure to mark them, as some of them are slow of starting into growth, and you will then know where to find them. The half hardy plants in the frames. i8q6. GARDENING. 55 ■■ -Si SCROLL BED IN HIGHLAND PARK. PITTIBURGH. PA. such as pansies, Canterbury bells, Eng- lish daisies, forget-me-nots and suchlike plants, will be the better for the sash on them on cold nights, but do not coddle them; give plenty of air and have sturdier plants to stand the cold winter. If you are short of foxgloves and have any self- sown seedlings lift them and put into a frame if you can spare the room; they will make nice flowering plants by spring. The same may be said of sweet williams and forget-me-nots. Foxgloves treated as biennials do nicely. They do not win- ter very well with us here, so we sow the seed in July, and winter them over in a cold frame. I have spoken several times about the fall asters, but it is now that they are appreciated; mostly everything else in the garden is frost killed, but these hardy asters are still at fine flower, and it takes a sharp frost to hurt them. It is to these plants we-must now look for our cut flowers at this time of year, for there are very few flowers even in the greenhouse. Although a few early chrysanthemums may be had, a variety is wanted, and these asters are just the thing; even the commonest of them are welcome. In shel- tered places of the garden the Japan anem- ones are still in good flower; the pink one is much hardier than the white; it was cut by the first white frost we had; while the pink one stands up nicely yet. Schizostylis coecinea is a fine fall and early winter flowering bulbous plant. We have it in flower in the greenhouse; a few bulbs put in a 5-inch pot and planted out in spring make nice plants for lifting in the fall, and their tall spikes ot scarlet flowers are quite showy; they last a long time in flower, and coming as they do so late in the fall months thev- ought to be largely grown. David Fraser. Mahwah, N.J. SOME PRETTY WILD ASTERS. A collection of wild asters which were transferred from the woods and fields to my garden a few years ago, have done very well and given us much pleasure. The following are the kinds I gathered and every one of them is worthy of a place in the garden: Corymbosus, rosy white; cordifolius, bluish white; patens, blue; Xovse-anglix, purple; puniceus, pale purple; prenantlioidcs. pale blue; Isevis, bluish purple; oblongifolius, light purple and Norwbelgii, blue, varying to white. Of these the two that make the best display are Xovse-angliw and puniceus, the growth being robust and tall and the flowers showy. Both are found wild in damp places, though, as with many another plant, they do very well in any ordinary garden situation. Oblongifolius is an exceedingly showy sort. It makes a rounded, bush-like growth, throwing over all a sheet of lovely light purple flowers in late autumn. It is the only one of those named that is not a native here. I found it growing on the railroad bridge at Harper's Ferry some years ago. Patens is cf slender, though strong growth, and when a number of the plants are together and in bloom, the effect is most pleasing. Of those named, the first to flower is corymbosus, while cordifolius, a rather tall grower with numerous small bluish white flowers, is one of the latest If these wild asters are dug up in the fall and divided into little clumps and planted carefully and then mulched, they will thrive and flower nicely the next season. I have great success gathering and sow- ing the seeds. Gather them as soon as ripe and sow them when all have been collected. Do not wait till spring, but sow before the ground freezes. Sow- almost on the surface, covering lightly with soil. The seedlings will appear earry in spring and will flower the same year in the fall. This is the advantage of autumn sowing, for if not put in the ground until spring, it is not so certain that flowers will follow the same season. Philadelphia. J. Meehan. uicr, they c lorcd up intensely, keeping their color a long time. The white used in the wheel is crushed Ligonier stone. We are indebted to Mr. James Blackmore for the photograph trom which our engraving was made. SCROLL FLOWER BED IN HIGHLAND PARK, PITTSBURGH, PA. Our illustration shows part of the flower garden scroll work on the reser- voir bank at Highland Park, facing the main entrance. The pattern is neatly executed and of long flowing design and showed up vividh' as a background to a spacious flower garden, on the level be- tween it and the gate. The plants used in it are red and yellow alternanthera, and being on the slope of the bank where the drainage was perfect this wet suin- The Partridge berry vine. — H. C. B., New York, writes: "I am just in receipt of some plants from a southern nursery and among them are some marked Epigsea repens, but they are entirely unlike plants ot this kind that I have had before. I enclose herewith two sprigs for name. My gardener tells me that the plant is a form of the Partridge Berry." Ans. — Your gardener is right. Thev are Mitchella repens, the genuine par- tridge berry v ine. It is a real pretty non- climbing, carpeting plant under trees and shrubs in our woods, and is exceedinglv abundant in New York state, and, in fact, in all our northern states in the woods, and in the mountains of the south. It isn't the easiest thing in the world to establish in your garden, however; but if you get firm sods of it and plant them among your rhododendrons they should take hold and grow all right. Hardy perennials for cut flowers in summer.— J. A. L., Akron, Ohio, asks for "a short list of hardy plants for cut flowers during the summer months, I mean such as have long stems. I have many that are pretty to look at in their beds but whose stems are too short for vases." .4ns. Paeonies of many kinds, Trillium grandi- florum, although wild is still a beauty; lily of the valley, which you should allow to naturalize itself; double and single pyreth- rums so lovely in early summer, also the golden coreopsis C. grandiflora, which yields so lavishly in June; several bell- flowers, such as the peach leaved persica?- ' folia and Platycodon grand iflorunr, the hybrid delphiniums, which you can raise from seed, German irises for early summer and Koempfer's Japanese irises for late June and early July, spi aeas of sorts such as venusta, Ulmaria, and filipendula get- ting the double-flowered forms of the last named two; Clematis recta, double if you can get it, which you can cut in sheaves; the new Golden Glow or double-flowered rudbeckia; phloxes in great variety, giv- s6 GARDENING. Nov ing flowers from June to September; lilies such as Tbunbergii in many varieties, Hansoni, superbum. candidum, longi- liorum. Japonicum, speciosum, auratum and Wallacei, Yucca filameniosa for mid- summer, the white dav lily (Funkia); sunflowers such as mullitiorus in summer and orgyalis and Maximiliana for late summer and fall; Japan anemones for from August till October, and tntomas from ]ulv till November. There are hosts of oti ers. In fact you will have to do a little experimentingonyourown account, for some kinds of plants will thrive better with vou than others, you will like some sorts'better than others, and the peculiar odor or fragrance of some that are pretty enough in the garden may be objectiona- ble to you in the house. Naturalizing Bulbs in the Grass.— We are now head over heelsin bulb plant- in" We are naturalizing a great n any of them, planting them in the grass and under trees and out of the way places, snowdrops and crocusesare what we are using for this sort of work, but we will also use lily of the valley largely in places where the grass and hardy asters are left to themselves. We are getting from Europe a great many narcissus and irisfor naturalizingalongthe brooks, also some of the newer ones for the garden. D.F..N.J. The Greenhouse. FORCING LILY OF T«E VALLE* Now-a-days lily of the valley blossoms are offered for sa'le in the New York mar- ket everv dav in the vear, this is due to the advantages of cold storage. The lily of the vallev that is torced by florists and also bv amateurs in their greenhouses is usually imported from the continent of Europe, mostlv from Berlin, and comes to us in the form of individual plump pips or single crowns tied up in bunches. These pips have been specially grown for two or three vears for forcing purposes, before being sold, and although thev are not bulbs thev are usually classed among bulbous plants. Now observe something curious about forcing lily ol the valley. It must have a period ot rest and frost before it will force well, hence is it that this year's roots are seldom in the market before New Year's, and even then the foli- age is poor compared with later produc- tions. Before bulbs or other plants force well they require to be well rooted in their pots- not so with lily of the valley, all it wants is sand to steady it, and water, and it blooms beautilully without much root making, and this is why florists grow them dibbled in quite thick in frames in a greenhouse as you see in our illustra- tion which is engraved from a photo- graph of a bed in a florist's greenhouse Snd taken for us by Mr. L. Hallock. Fur- ther hardy plants are generally started slowly; not so this one, however, for we plunge it into a sweat box of 80° or 90° right away. Oh yes, we can grow lily of the valley here just as well as they can in Germany. At Dosoris we grew our own roots and forced about a hundred boxes— soap box size— and several pots of it each winter, but instead of using separate pips, we lifted selected sods of roots and shook most of the eearth away from them, enough to let us get them packed into the boxes; then we set them out of doors in a sheltered place with a light covering of earth or ashes over them, to save the A POT OF LILY OF THE VALLEY crowns from light, wind or sunshine, ami there they were left to the mercy of the frost and snow. We took in a few boxes twice a week, and in this way had flowers from New Year's till we got them outside in May. Our illustration of the potful shows the condition of our flowers at Easter; at that time forcing was easier, and we got excellent foliage as well as blossoms; befoe March we could not get as fine foliage as this is, no matter how we treated the roots. WINTER BLOOMING PLANTS. Amaryllis.— This class of bulbous plants is one of the most beautiful of win- ter bloomers and its culture among the easiest. It has been a matter of surprise to me that amary'lises are not more ex- tensivelv grown." My system of culture is to repot them after they are done blooming and commence growing; about the middle of May they are placed in a cold frame under slats, where they are grown during summer, by the end of September the bulbs are large, solid and well ripened, when they are removed to a warm house and placed under the stages and graduallv dried off. About the mid- dle to the end of December they begin to show flower; they should be sorted oyer once or twice a week, and those showing flower set upon the stages in a warm part of the house and watered, when they come rapidly into bloom. Where a col- lection is grown flowers maybe had from Christmas till late in spring. Begonias— The flowering shrubby be- gonias are of fine growth and profuse bloomers, and the foliage of many is beautifully marked. They have become quite popular and deservedly so. Bouvardias— A few years since these were grown more extensively than they are to-dav; this should not be for they are useful both to the florist and amateur, and are fine for winter blooming. Coronilla glauca is an old favorite of the greenhouse, it only requires to be kept from frosts, in a light house it will give its pretty yellow pea blossoms all winter. There is a pretty variegated variety of this. Eranthemum macrophvllum is a pretty plant with light blue flowers, which are produced profusely during win- tcr. li planted out m May and lilted bi fore frost dimes and placed in a warm house it will bloom freely. Lifting it ap- pears to force it into flower. Euphorbia jacquinleflora and /:'. s[)!cndens are two of our finest winter blooming plants, and both are of free growth and eas}' culture. Eucharis AMAZONE.ti is a bulbous plant requiring considerable bottom heat dur- ing winter to grow and bloom it well; during summer the plants may be set out doors. Sanderii ami Candida, and grandi- flora are finer sorts. Francisceas are beautiful winter blooming plants but little grown; their flowers are purple and very showy; coming from Brazil they like a warm house Geraniums. — Amateurs who desire plenty of bio )tn during winter must not overlook the old but beautiful single, semi double and double geraniums; the two former are the best ones for winter blooming. Jasminum hirsutum is a beautiful win- ter blooming species; its flowers are in wreaths and bunches of purest white and they are deliciously scented. Grandiflo- rum and gracellinum are other good species. Linum trigynim has rich golden yellow flowers in great profusion during winter; plant out during summerand lift and pot them before frost and you will have fine plants well budded for blooming. REINWARDTTIA is very similar to the last, yet distinct, the color of the flowers is lighter, it also is a constant bloomer during winter and a very handsome plant. Poinsettias — These gorgeous flower- ing plants are not grown to the extent they were formerly. They may grow as specimens in pots to muehadvantageand make our houses gay during winter. Rogiera amii-na and gratissima are beautiful warm greenhouse plants that grow and flower freely during winter; the flowers are pink in bunches and as fragrant as a heliotrope. Ruellia macrantha. — Plant it out in May and lift and pot it in fall and you will have fine plants, which from check of lifting will flower profusely during win- ter. Flowers are large in size and crim- son in color. Veronicas — The shrubby veronicas we i8g6. GARDENING. 57 A BENCH OF LILY OP THE VALLEY rarely see, yet liow beaiuilul they are. Reine des Blanches is a lovely white; Reine des Blau.rich blue; Keine des Roses, rose color. Grow them in partial shade during summer; they are of free growth in blooming and the coolest house will suit i hem. Cytesus (genista racomosus) has rich racemes of golden yellow flowers during the latter part of w inter and early spring; there are sev ral varieties and all very de- sirable plants. John Saul. Washington, BrC. OUR GREENHOUSES TO-DAY. Our greenhouses to-day are filled chiefly as follows: Roses in the benches were planted in June. The three most reliable varieties which do best in the same temperature, say 55° by night with 70° on bright sunny days, are Perle des Jardins, Bride and Bridesmaid. Don't attempt to grow PapaGontier unless you can give it cooler treatment. My neighbor, Mr. Peter Duff, grows the last named very well in a cool house with almost no fire heat, but other roses havemildewed underthesame treat- ment. Carnations on the benches were planted in September. The house for these should be cool, light and airy. If good blooms are wanted leave none but terminal buds. Lizzie McGowan stands a higher temper- ature and should be closer planted than most other varieties. The following sorts do best with us: President Garfield and Secretary Windom, scarlets; La Purite, a deep rosy pink which has been grown on this place for the last twenty years, showing that it has a fine constitution; Miranda, plum purple, the only one I know of this shade; Armaziudy, white striped with rose, a no* variety with a vigorous constitution and it is a prolific bloomer; also Meteor, crimson; and Alaska, white. Amaryllis aulica is coming into bloom just now. We never draw oft these entirely. Paneratium ovatum is also coming into bloom. Scented leaved gera- niums fill a considerable space with us, which we use for cutting. Callas are in 7-inch pols and will get their final shift into 9-inch pots later on. Chinese prim- roses, libonias and abutilons also occupy considerable space. Flowering begonias need little or no shade just now. varieties such as semperflorens gigantea rosea, nitida and rubra require none; Olbia and Metallica and varieties of Rex do. Cyclamens are a very important feature for fall, winter and early spring decora- tion of the greenhouse and go far to fill the void made by the departure of the chrysanthemums. This is the time to sow seed of cannas. We have now in bloom in pots the following, Italia, Aus- tria, Alsace, Philadelphia (a beautiful shade of crimson) Oueen Charlotte and Florence Vaughan. In the warmer houses are in bloom, allamandas, euphorbias, anthuriums and the beautiful little violet flowered Saintpaulia ionantha. Orchids — The following are in bloom: Cattleya Bowringeana, C. Iabiata, C. maxima superba, Dendrobium Phalxnop- sis Schrodeniamim, D. formosum gigan- teuin, La?lia, Perrine, Oncidium unguicu- latum, O. varicosum Kogersii, Pleione Lagenavia, Odontoglossum grande, Cyp- ripedium cenanthum, C. Speceriamim and Vanda ccerulea. Chrysanthemums, of course, occupy a great part of our cool greenhouses. We take down the benches in the fall to make room for them. Alter they arc past up go the benches again and their places will be occupied with azaleas, hydrangeas from the cold frames, carnatious in pots which are now in cold frames; violets in pots and boxes; Roman hyacinths, hya- cinths, narcissus and other Dutch bulbs; freesias.scillasand ixias; flowering shrubs which we have now in a cold reserve house, such as, genis as Rhynchosper- mum jasminoides and Bougainvillaea glabra. Besides, many things which are rather crowded now will get breathing room. I may mention that Lapageria rosea is in bloom, and so is Solatium Wendlandii, which has lilac blue flowers resembling Platycodon grandiflorum. Wm. Fitzwilliam. Baronald, Orange, N.J. , Oct 12, 1S90. THE COLD. FRAMES. These are now filled with pansies, daisies, forget-me-nots and violets. While a little frost may not hurt these plants it does them no good, so keep it away by mulching about the frames and protect- ing over the sashes with mats, shutters, etc. Let them have all the sunlight pos- sible. Polyanthuses, Canterbury bells, anemones, ranunculuses, and the like need less coddling than the pansies and violets, but the more careful we are of -them in winter the earlier they will start into bloom in spring. Be very particular to have the ground about the frames so graded that no water can possibly lodge around it in winter; and provide for pro- tection from driving, piercing winds. New Violets. — Wearetrying somenew ones we got from France, but I cannot discern any improvement in them over older varieties. D. F. GARDENING. Noi William Falcomer, Editor. PJBLISHED THE 1ST AND 15TH OF EACH MuXTH BY THE GARDENING COMPANY, Monon Building, CHICAGO. (Subscription Price. $2. Uu a Year— 24 Numbers. Adver- Using rates on application. Entered at Chicago postolliee as second-class matter. Copyright IS»>. by The Gardening Co. All communications relating to subscriptions, adver- tisements and other business matters should be addressed to The Gardening Company. Monon Bulld- '.ng. Chicago, and all matters pertaining to the editorial department of the paper should be addressed in the Kdltorof Gardening, schenley Park. Pittsburg. Pa. Gardening is gotten up for Its readers and In their interest, and it behooves you. one and all. to make it Interesting. If It does not exactly suit your case, please write and tell us what you want. It Is our desire to help you. Ask any Questions you please about plants, flowers, trults, vegetables or other practical gardening matters. We will talte pleasure In answering them. SEND cs NOTES of your experience In gardening In any line; tell us of your successes that others may be enlightened and encouraged, and of your failures, perhaps we can help you. Send us Photographs or Sketches of you flowers, gardens, greenhouses, frulta. vegetables, or horticultural appliances that we may have them en- graved for Gardening. CONTENTS. trees and shrubs. The Chinese golden larch (illus.) . . .49 .49 . 50 .50 .52 Autumn tinted foliage Iron-clad evergreens Trees for street planting (illus.) An autumn ramble ... the flower garden. The Peruvian lily (illus.) 52 Classes and varieties of asters (illus.) 52 My flower garden in winter 53 Annual vines coveringa chimney (illus.) . . . . 54 Preparing for winter and spring 54 Some prettv wild asters 55 Scroll flower bed (illus ) o5 The partridge berry vine 55 Hardy perennials for cut flowers 55 Naturalizing bulbs in the grass 56 the greenhouse. Forcing lily of the valley (2 illus ) 56 Winter-blooming plants 56 Our greenhouses to-day . . 57 The cold- frames . . 57 chrysanthemums. Early chrysanthemums 59 ro^es. Temperature for rose houses 59 Wintering monthly roses 59 orchids. Orchids 60 THE FRUIT GARDEN. 60 Nut culture eally, I must devote my attention to get- ting up planting plans, and designing arrangements and work for next year; this takes deep, far-reaching thought and most careful study noton'y forimmediate effect, but for landscape beauty, interest, and utility in the future My best work of this kind has alwavs been done in the quiet of my "den" at my own home at night and not in the office by day, and in order to do this work satisfactorily I must do it at home. Very lew of our readers know that all ol the editorial work on Gardening has been night work, but such is the fact. The editorial department in all of its detail, writing, getting matter together and pre- paring it, furnishing the pictures for illustrations, correspondence, etc., has all been done by me at night. Though often arduous it has been delightful work, work that I love, the subject is one ray heart is in and my relations with ourreaders have alwavs been of the most friendly and trustful nature But to continue to edit Gardening and do justice to ray park work too are more than I am able for, and therefore is it that I am compelled to resign from the editorship of the paper. From the beginning it has been my object to make Gardening clean in every detail, helpful to the amateur, concise, plain, practical and truthful, in all its teachings, and absolutely independent and impar- tial, and unkind personalities or disre- spectful references to correspondents or contemporaries have been absolutely debaned from its pages. We have never been at a loss tor matter for the paper, it has been filled by the voice of the most expe- rienced horticulturists in the United States Our illustrations too have teen a glory from the beginning, and in point of truth, beauty, and aptness, they never have been surpassed, and they come pouringin upon us from our appreciative readers as fast as we can use them. The Dosoris pictures — there are lots more of them — have been marvels of beauty and instruc- tion; than that Paradise of horticulture no other place on this continent could have furnished anything like as many, and we are deeply indebted to and thank its noble proprietor foi the substantial aid and encouragement in this and other ways he has accorded to Gardening. The future of Gardening is in the hands of the board of directors, but you can depend on my aid and sympathy and all the good that I can do for the papershall be done. Not only am I twice over the largest stockholder in the paper, but I love it. William Falconer. VEGETABLES. The vegetable garden 60 Early mushrooms t»2 RESIGNATION OF EDITOR. With this issue of Gardening I resign from its editorship. I am obliged to do this because of my inability to attend properly to my park duties and the paper too. Schenley Park consists of 4-50 acres of exceedingly unev n ground with long runs of deep precipitous ravines. The land is stiff clay and rock. A vast deal of work consisting of bridge building, road making, grading, etc., has been and is still being done, and a considerable area of the surface has now been got in readi- ness for planting. So far there has been no permanent planting whatever in the park, but next spring we are to start in earnest setting out trees, shrubs, and other plants for this effect. Up till now mv time has been principally occupied in work as above, mostly in the field, and in the vast conservatories. Now, however, that outdoor work will soon stop practi- Chrysaxthemlm Golden Wedding seems to have outgrown the disease to which it was a prey when it first made its appearance here and in Europe; culti- vators now think the evil was due to an enervated constitution caused by over- forcing in order to get uo a big stock of the variety in a very short time. Our Common Witchhazel is in splendid bloom in the ravines, indeed we never be- fore saw it so fine. We believe this is due to the unstinted moisture all summer long and consequent strong well developed growth. Bare of leaves and eovered all over thickly with its small yellow flowers it is really a very pretty and attractive shrub. Wild asters were never more plentiful, vigorous, or beautiful than they have been this season; they lined our woods and waysides in great beauty. No doubt this has largely been due to the continu- ously moist summer and consequent un- checked grow-th. As these asters have ripened and spread about a large quan- tity of seed we shall naturally look for a greater abundance of these gay plants another season. Eczema caused iiv Roman Hyacinth*. — A correspondent of the Gardeners' Chronicle writes: "A form of eczema has been caused by handling bulbs of the common Roman hyacinth, or possibly by the buckwheat packing in which they arc received in this country." We noted a year ago an eczema of this sort caused by handling tulip bulbs, the fine hairs of the broken skin of the tulip causing it. V\ ith- out rather pointed evidence to the con- trary we must regard the case against the Roman hyacinths as "not proven." The Goose Flower {Aristolochia gigas var. Sturtevantii). — Mr. L. Burrows of Decatur, Illinois, writes in praise of it as a summer outdoor vine. He got a plant last March, planted it in an 18 inch square box, and in summer set it out- doors, giving it a 6x2 feet trellis. This it completely covered, and bore ten flowers each one about the size of a canvas back duck, in fact, the flower measured 12 to 14 inches from top to bottom, while the tail like appendage was 17 inches long, making in all a total length of about 31 inches for the flower. Queen Victoria's old gardener at Balmoral is dead. He had been gardener to Her Majesty for 44- years. In '92 on account of failing health he retired from the garden and was given a pension a"d residence by the queen, and during his late illness by her special desire he was attended by Sir James Reid, her own pri- vate physician. This is only one among many instances of the kind motherly nature of that dear, good old lady. But we haven't to cross the ocean to find deep, tender spots within the human breast, we know of them right here at home. The Survival of the Unlike is the name of a new book by Prof. L. H. Bailey, and published by the Macmillan Co., New York. In size it is 5X7 1 2 inches, and it contains over 500 pages; the price of it is $2. It is made up of a collection of evolution essays suggested by the study of domestic plants. The author denies the common assumption that organic matter was originally endowed with the power of reproducing all its corporeal at- tributes, or that, in the constitution of things, like produces like. He conceives that heredity is an acquired force, and that, normally or originally, unlike pro- duces unlike. Our Pictures of China Asters. — In these pictures page 53 we have given you what has never before, so far as we know, been given to the public, namely the act- ual condition, appearance, and relative size of thirty distinct kinds of China asters as grown in the open field. For the last two years we have been trying to get this picture, and have only now succeeded. Compare the blossoms as shown here with the full, symmetrical beauties you see in catalogues and books generally, they don't look quite alike, but these are the plain truth. In making up your seed list next year consult these pic- tures, they may be suggestive. Quince Culture. — The Orange Judd Co., New York, sends us a new and re- vised edition of Mr. W. W. Meech's Quince Culture. It is a book SxT 1 2 inches and contains ISO pages, and it is quite freely illustrated. In it we find all about the quince, and the different varieties of it, i8g6. GARDENING. 59 also how it should be grown; we are told how to propagate and prune it, and pro- mote its Iruitfulness, likewise how to gather, keep and market the fruit. The diseases of the plant areminutcly handled and its irsect and other pests get consid- erable attention. It is the best and most complete literature on the subject that we have got. Its price is $1. Chinese primroses. — At Dosoris we used to buy the very finest strains of seed that money could purchase and better flowers than we used to have there [See illustration in GARDENING, page 91, De- cember 1, '93.] were not to be found on this continent. At Sehcnley we have some 3,000 plants now coming into bloom and the best o r them are not equal to the worst we used to have at Dosoris. Why? Because the strains of seed were inferior. Their vitality was all right. The American trade rejects expensive seeds, and European seed dealers have a text "Anything is good enough for Amer- ica." Our seedsmen know this just as well as we do. Now let us get beyond this sort of thing. Charge what you please, but get for us the very finest strains of flower seed the world produces; far better have one superb blossom than a wheelbarrow load of rubbish. Vegetables under glass is a book of 95 pages published by Henry A. Dreer. Philadelphia; price in paper covers 25 cents, in cloth 30 cents. Here is a plain matter-of-tact book telling us how let- tuces, radishes and othercrops are grown in cold frames, hotbeds and greenhouses, and it is freely illustrated with pictures of vegetables, greenhouses and methods of cultivation. This book is a straightfor- ward statement of fact and gives us the how and why of vegetablegrowing under glass by the market gardeners of Arling- ton, near Boston, and other gardening centres. Now this little book takes pains to give one the inside and exact facts in the line of gardening on which it treats, and in this it differs most mightily from a not-manv-years-ago published preten- tious book on market gardening whose sole aim seemed to be to jumble words and say a lot, but tell one mighty little. In fact this is the best little book of its kind that we bave seen since Peter Henderson wrote his "Gardeningfor Profit." And onemost refreshing thing about it is that Dreer's name isn't hauled into the book on every page, or, in fact, at all. This greatly strengthens our confidence in it. Prizes for Carnations. — Mr. C. W. Ward of Queens, N. Y., offers four special premiums of silver cups, each valued at $25, for the best new pink carnation, and best new white one for commercial pur- poses, for the best new carnation of any color, open to amateurs only; and for the best of any color open to private garden- ers only. The vase of each must contain 24 open flowers, 6 buds showing color, and 6 buds half opened. Commercial flowers must be at least 2'o inches in diameter, and exhibition flowers 3 inches. The calyx in all cases must be perfect, and the stems must be quite stiff and at least 15 inches long. These prizes are to be competed for at the annual exhibitions of the American Carnation Society, and Mr. Ward offers to keep up these premiums every years. We are delighted to know this, for goo 1 must come of it. Mr. Ward is one the largest growers of carnations in the country and no one grows them better than he does and he is a specialist not only in their cultivation, but in hybridizing and raising new varieties of them, and he is in such a position that he can afford the indulgence and to be pretty exacting too. The carnation that will be perfectly satisfactory to him must be a prettv good flower. The Nursery Book —We have received from MacMillan & Co , publishers. New York, a copy of the third edition of Prof. L. H. Bailey's book entitled "The Nur- sery Book." It is 7x5 inches, contains 365 pages, and costs $1. The object of the book is to teach one how to propagate plants, and with this end in view it tells us how to increase plants from seeds, lay- ers, cuttings, budding, grafting and so on, and in words and by illustrations it endeavors to make this very plain to us. The whole detail is given, and in addition to propagation directly, a deal of infor- mation incident to the preparation of plants before propagating from them and caring for them after they are propagated is furnished us. Then in alphabetical order a long list of plants is given with notes on their separate propagation. There is also a glossary of eleven pages iu which the meaning of the term cion, pseudo-bulb, knaur, bulbel and the like is given. But this glossary is needed, for without it how on earth could we tell what "cuttage," "graftage," and "seed- age" mean? There is a full and excellent index to the work. It is a good and use- ful book and we heartily recommend it. Bulbs for the Flower Garden.— The earlier in October we get our hyacinths, tulips, narcissus, crocuses, snowdrops, and the like planted out in the garden the better; this is not so much because early- planting is imperative as that the earth is likely to be drier and in better working order then than later. All of the very- early blooming bulbs should be planted early as it is natural for them t root well before winter sets in, and the better they are rooted the less likely they are to get heaved out of the ground by frost in win- ter. So far as common bulbs as hya- cinths, tulips, narcissus and the like are concerned they can be planted with per- fect safety just as late in the season as the ground remains free from frost. It you have not already planted any you should set out a few for their blossoms are exceedingly cheerful in spring. In parks and pretentious gardens big beds are filled solid with certain kinds of hya- cinths and tulips so as to make a great display of color, well that's in their line, you needn't imitate it. If youdon't wish to go to the expense of filling up a whole bed, plant the bulbs in little bunches here and there in your perennial borders or in the front of your shrubbery clumps. And when it comes to lilies, narcissus, bulbous irises and most anything aside from hya- cinths and tulips they look better in mixed borders than in solid beds, besides, while we can lift and remove the two last named about the end of May to make room for bedding plants, the foliage of the narcissus, irises, and many of the other kinds is too green to be cut over so soon without injuring the bulbs for good work next season. Chrysanthemums. EARLY CHRYSANTHEMUMS. The following chrysanthemums were in bloom October 15 at Mr. T. H. Spauld- ings, Orange, N.J. ; Lillian Russell, silvery pink; Robt. B. Laird, crimsom, reverse bronze; Marion Henderson, yellow; Au- tumn Bride, incurved white; Daydawn, color of Daybreak carnation, faint pink; ('.lory of the Pacific, pink; M.M.Johnson, incurved, golden yellow; Rose Owen, of English origin, creamy white suffused and dashed with pink; J. H. Ruchman, a bright golden reflexed variety', synony- mous with H. Hurrell; Pink Ivory, simi- lar in all respects to that excellent variety except in color. Mr. Spaulding's chrysanthemums with a few exceptions are ail planted in benches with three inches deep of soil. They are grown to single stems chiefly. Tbev use ground tobacco stems on thi* place for fumigating purposes and claim that thev are less injurious and equally if not more efficacious for the destruction of insect pests. Wm. Fitzwilliam. Orange, X. 1. Roses. ROSE HOUSES, PROPER TEMPERATURE FOR. Kindly tell me what you consider to be the proper temperature for rose houses at this time of the year, considering that the plants are in fairly good condition, sav for American Beauty and tea roses. Allegheny, Pa. A. H.F. Referring to inquiry as to the proper temperature to run rose houses at this season of the year, would say that very- much depends upon the varieties grown, but assuming that your inquirer is an amateur and therefore growinga number of varieties of roses in the same house, and that the plants are in good health, a day temperature of from 75° to 80° on clear days and 65 : to 70 on cloudv days with a night temperature of 60° is about right. In a general way it is safe to ad- vise a temperature approaching the high- est limit given above when plenty of ven- tilation is given, nearing the lowest limit as ventilation is reduced. Great care should be taken to avoid sudden changes at any time as rose plants are verv like a delicate child, in their sensitiveness to draughts, chills, etc., and will as readily "catch cold" as evidenced bv mildew (always traceable to carelessness I and various other ills. The fall and early winter are the most trying time of the year and constant and unremitting at- tention must be given to the little details or failure is certain to follow. The above temperature is suitable alike for such sorts as Beauty, Bride, Bridesmaid, Perle, Mme. Cusin, Wootton, Niphetos, Test- out, etc. Paul M Pierson. Scarborough, N. Y., October 9, '96. MONTHLY ROSES, WINTERING THEM. J. W. T., Pittsburg, Pa., writes: "I have some nice specimens of these that I wish to keep for next year. How shall I take care of them during the winter- leave them outside or put them in my cellar?" Ans. By cutting them back consider- ably, and lifting them with good roots "and planting them thickly in one or two boxes six or eight inches" deep and keep- ing these in a cool but frost proof cellar- such as you would keep potatoesir— they should winter nicely. Lift them up to more light and air in earlv spring, and pot them singly or box them off a little further apart than they were in the win- ter boxes, and about 'the end of April plant them out of doors again. Or you may winter them outside in this way. 6d GARDENING. N ov. /. Before hard frost sets in cut back the plants a little just to enable you to handle them easier than yon could were they left uncut and lay them flat on the ground, holding them in place with pegs or weights, and now spread over the whole bed and so as to completely bury the rose bushes from four to six inches deep, loam or sod. In very severe weather in winter so tie straw or leaves, or other littery stuff may be placed over the loam to help exclude frost; remove it, however, when the weather gets mild, for over- covering is apt to rot the plants it meant to save. In outdoor covering don't cover up 100 early in the fall nor uncover too earlv in spring Be sure that the rose bed is so thoroughly well drained that no surface water can lie about it at anytime in winter. In gravelly or sandy soils it is far easier to winter somewhat tender roses than i is in clayey soils; and while s-andy or free loam makes an excellent winter mulch, clay is poor covering. Sawdust makes a good mulch; put it on 6 to 10 inches deep over all and in a deeper mound over the crown \ of the plants. Sand and spent tan bark also make excellent mulching, so too have we found hard coal ashes. In the case of these roses we have found that manure is not a safe mulch, it is very well as a part protection, and a good forkful of litte y manure in about the crowns of rcses saves them from wind, sunshine, and severe frost in winter. Spread in the rows between the rows we can put it on thick with safety. Tree leaves are a good covering too, that is, oak leaves are, and we can pile them on deep, but maple, linden, or other soft leaves are apt to get wet and weld themselves into a thick rotting wet mat which is often as much a menace as a safeguard to our plants. Orchids. ORCfllDS. During this changeable fall weather watchfulness will be required with orchids that are pushing up their flower stalks; gradually give them a little artificial warmth, but above all things do not give them a very high temperature for any lengthened period. If possible, as near 70° during the day, and 58° to 60° at night with a fair amount of atmospheric moisture, and only watering at the root when plants are quite dry. In fact the plants should have been potted in the condition that they will become dry once in twenty-four hours; this does not mean that the plant such ascattleya, Uelia.and evpripedium, should be watered by hose or pot every time it becomes in this dry condition, but it must be understood, that atmospheric moisture must always exist when you are using artificial heat. Our cattleya house gets now about two waterings per week directly applied by hose over leaves, potting material, and often times the flowers too in their early stage get a good bathing, and I have never found injury from this treatment; of course we always choose a sunny da}- when we can ventilate freely, so that they will soon become dry again Our rule is to remove to a cooler show house plants when flower are fully out and fit for cut- ting; on those we are careful not to sub- ject then to undue moisture In the case of C. Trianie (this being the one we grow in much larger quantity than the others) the plants are allowed to take a rest in this house for a few weeks at a tempera- ture 55° of to 60° and often much lower than this at night. Cypripedium insigne will now be better in quality of flower if placed in a tempera- ture of 65° or 70° till the flowers are fully expanded, and then if you so desire remove it to a cooler house for keeping. All the hothouse cypripediums should now have much of the summer shading removed and the plants spread out so as to give them a good airy space between the pots; wash the pots and remove all decaying leaves from the plants an ' care- fully attend to the watering. C. Lowii, C. Stonei and such like varieties do not like too much water over their leaves especially in dull moist weather. Keep a good lookout on your Uendro- bium Phalsenopsis and after the flowers are cut and the plants have made good solid stems, remove them to a cooler and dryer house with a temperature of 55° to 60°; even a little cooler at night will not damage them Ke:p them on the dry side during their rest and they will pusli with much more vigor than if kept at stove temperature during the resting sea- son. Vanda ccerulea after flowering can be rested at 55° in a good airy place keep- ing it on the dry side for a couple of months during the heavy winter weather, but it must be carefully attended to as soon as February comes and the waterings and moisture can then be increased. Many of my plants are pushing very strong spikes for the second time this year and quiteafew havetwospikeseach. Coeloygnes will now like a little light liquid once or twice a week, carefully washing off the foliage and bulbs with clean water from the hose after its use Keep a good look out for snails. Bran in which Paris green in mixed is a great destrover of this pest. Wm. Mathews Utica, N. Y., October 10, 1896. The Fruit Garden. NUT CULTURE. Your notice in Gardening of October 15 of the "Nut Culturist" reminds me of my pleasant correspondence in years past with its gifted and greatly lamented author, the late Andrew S. Fuller. In the department of nut culture he was unquestionably the highest American authority. His modesty, however, and his persistent aim to publish only the results of completed experiments, delayed the publication of his work during his lifetime. He used to speak with enthusiasm of his success in raising the English nut from seed supplied from a friend's garden in New Haven. He also had much faith in the possibility of obtaining new hybrids by crossing with our native hazel nut. The subject of nut culture is one of spe- cial interest and importance to American cultivators for two reasons, first, because we have such a variety of native nuts, and second, because our vast stretch of territory and variety of climate and soil, makes possible the successful cultivation of every species of edible nut which finds its habitat in the temperate zone of both hemispheres. During the last 4-0 years I have grown on Long Island the Maderia nut and the pecan, three varieties of hickory nut, the black walnut and butternut, Spanish and Japan chestnut, also the large sweet Jer- sey chestnut, the chinquapin, and the beech nut. I am satisfied that much may be accomplished by careful selection of seed and judicious planting. As Mr. Fuller says in one of his notes: "By gradually acclimating the southern nuts to endure a lower temperature than they have been accustomed to, the chances are very good for securing hardy and productive trees." This of course re- quires much time and patience and no one man's life is sufficient to reach a full meas- ure of results, but the time will come when combined and persistent effort will tell, the end will richly pay for all the outlay, and thus add to the rich variety and va ue of our native fruits. Who will take up the work wdiere our lamented friend has left it and prove a worthy successor to Andrew S. Fuller in the interests of nut culture? In the recent agricultural exhibit at he Fair of the American Institute, at Madi- son Square Garden, W. Parry, of New Jersey, showed a w nderful variety of nuts all raised on his grounds, and those interested in seeing how much can be done in this department of arboriculture did well to spend a half hour in examining his specimens. J.W. Barstow, M. D. New York, Oct. 29, '96. Vegetables. THE VEGETABLE GARDEN. At tliis s ason of the year most of the crops of the vegetable garden are past; those remaining will still need some attention. Cabbages: Towards the end of the month, or before the next issue oi Gar- dening reaches its readers, these will require to be lifted and stored away for winter use. They may be kept in a cool cellar or inverted in beds three rows wide with two other rows on top of these. Cover at first with a little earth, as the weather grows colder add more, and finally, when this is frozen, finish off with a covering of sedge or marsh hay or some such material. Celery will need earthing up as it grows. That intended for use before the holidays may be finished up, while what is wanted later needs to be only half bleached when putting away in trenches. The trenches for storing should be nearly the depth of the celery, giving room to raise the ground slightly on either side ot the trench, so as to shed the water. Ten inches at the most is wide enough to dig the trenches, as too great a bulk of celery will cause it to heat and rot. When the trenches are full thecelery maybe covered with boards nailed A shape. As the weather grows colder, earth and other covering may be added. The nearer celery can be kept to the freezing point the longer it will stand; even if the tops are slightly frozen in the trenches it will not hurt. This should be the guide in adding to the covering. If it is too warm it will surely rot. Lettuce plants intended for spring use should be transplanted into the cold frame two inches apart. Parsnips should be lifted before the ground freezes up. They are much bene- fited by a little frost. A few may be stored in earth or sand in the cellar, the rest in a shallow pit outside where they can be got at when wanted. Rhubarb, where there are facili ies for forcing a few stools may be lifted towards the end of the month, and laid away in some sheltered place until wanted. Cover them with earth and any coarse rubbish, not to keep them from freezing, but so that thev can be got at later. If a new i8g6. • GARDENING. Tr > DREER'S GARDEN SEEDS Plants Bulbs and Requisites They are the Beet at the Lowest Prices. Catalogue full of Karder topics mailed free. Henry A. Dreer, 714 Chestnut St. Phil*. -SEEDS- -BULBS- PLANTS Vaiifllian's Seed Store, New York: 14 Barclay Street. CHICAGO: 84 & 86 Randolph St. New, Rare and Beautiful Plants Lord Penzance's new hybrid Sweet Briars. Old Garden Roses; New Roses; standard Roses Philadelphia Lemoinei; New Lilacs; Lonicera Hildebrandtii; Spiraea 'Anthony Wdtercr." A large collection of rare hothouse and greenhouse plants, Authuriums, Alocacias, Orchids, etc. Rare Conifers and other beautiful Evergreens. Magnolias, Japanese Maples, with other ctioice Trees and shrubs. PEONIES— A large collection of the finest in cul- tivation. Hardy Perennials, Phloxes, Japan- ese IriSj Roses, Clematis, etc. New and Stand- ard Fruits, etc. 4ty Catalogues on application. JOHN SAUL, Washington, D. C. BLOOMINGTON (Phoenix) NURSERY. . . . 600 Acres. Thirteen Greenhouses. Trees Plants We offer a large and fine stock of every description of Fruit, and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Roses, Vines, Small Fruits, Hedge Plants, Fruit and Forest Tree Seedlings. Priced Catalogue mailed Tee. Established 1852. PHOENIX NURSERY COMPANY, (Sue. to Sidney Tuttle & Co.) Mooinington, HI. '840. OLD COLONY NURSERIES. <8 96 Hardy Shrubs, Trees, Vines, Ever= greens and Perennials A large and fine stock of well-rooted plants, grown in a sandy loam. Good plants, best sizes lor planting; very cheap. Prictd Catalogue free on application. T. R. WATSON, Plymouth. Mass. BARGAINS IN Send 10 cts. in stamps for Illustrated Catalogue. We beat the world. Box 2, Good & Reese Co., Sp-ringfield, O. FLOWERS PLEASE MENTION GARDENING WHEN WRITING TO ADVERTISERS. TREES FRUIT AND ORNAMENTAL. ELLWANGER & BARRY, Mount Hope Nurseries, ROCHESTER, N. Y. Small Fruits, Grapes Shrubs, Roses, Evergreens, Hardy Plants. LARGEST AND CHOICEST COLLECTIONS IN AMERICA. New Catalogue, beautifully illustrated. Free _to_regular customers, to others 10c. for postage. Established over Half a Century ago. When writing mention Gardening. THE STORRS & HARRISON GO., PiWESVILLE, LAKE CO., OHIO. occupy the most favorable location between the oceans for the production of healthy nursery stock, extending one and a half miles along the banks of Lake Erie. It is conceded that their facilities are unsurpassed and that ^* there is no better place in the United States for nursery- ^^ men and florists to sort up, dealers to pack or planters to ■^ gg- order from. The aim of the Storrs & Harrison Co. be- ing to carry a full, complete line of Fruit and Ornamental Trees . Shrubs, Roses, Bulbs, Greenhouse Plants, Etc. Their annual production of Roses exceeds three quarters of a million and their budding of Peach last season was939,122, other fruits are grown in proportion. Can supply hundreds of car loads of Ornamentals, Cor- respondence and personal inspection solicited. Catalogues free. 43rd year, 1000 acres, 29 greenhouses. Address as above, box 308 Andorra Nurseries 90 Acres of well=grown Trees, Shrubs, Roses and Fruit WILLIAM WARNER HARPER, Hanager, Chestnut Hill, PHILA., PA. SPECIALTIES: LARGE ( Specimen Ornamental Trees, { Hardy Rhododendrons and Azaleas. 62 GARDENING. Nov. /, bed is wanted now is a good time to plant it. Divide an old stool, leaving two or three eyes to each piece. Open a trench a foot deep, dig in plenty of good rotten manure and set the plants not less than three feet apart, four is better, and cover in with earth. When the ground freezes put on a good mulching of manure which can be dug in around the plants when they appear in spring. Spinach: Keep the bed cultivated until frost. Have ready some covering, salt hay or sedge or other material which will be applied when severe weather approaches. Turnips should now cover the ground. Pull before freezing weather. Currants, Gooseberries and Grapes may be increased by cuttings of this year's wood. Make them now, and set them in rows where they can stand for a year. Set them three or four inches apart, well down, and firm the ground each side of the rows. Strawberries should be kept clean, and all late runners cut off when hoeing. Later, before applying theirwinter cover- ing, give a top-dressing with rotten manure. It will wash into the ground during the winter, and will speak for itself later on. P. F. Market Gardener, New Kochelle, N. Y., October 10, 1896. EARLY MUSHROOMS. I wish you could see my mushroom bed it is in fine form it is just in one mass of small mushrooms, and it has only been spawned a month. This is very early for the mushrooms to come up, indeed I was quite surprised when I took the straw off this morning. I tried some experiments with it, all in the same bed which is 30 feet long by 4 1 2 feet wide. I cased part of it with dry cow manure alone, and it is on this part that the mushrooms are best; next to this, used cow manure mixed with soil in equal parts, and then plain soil, in the soil alone mushroomsare very few coming yet. Do you think the cow manure has anything to do with the earli- ness of the crop. I should like to here from you on the subject, the bed was put in on the 3th of September and spawned on the 13th giving the mushrooms just a month to come up. [The dryish cow manure has had a most salutory effect upon the bed in fact so much did the old growers appreciate co«v manure for mush- rooms that it almost invariably formed a part of their bed, and to this day the makers of mushroom spawn regard it as indispensable.— [Ed.] David Fraser. ARE YOU INTERESTED IN Decorating iiourGluircn FOR THE HOLIDAYS? We supply the finest of material for such work at lower rates than any other house in the country. Consider these prices: PALM LEAVES, long stems, $2.00 per 100. PALM CROWNS, full grown plants, cut off just above the root, 8 to 12 perfect leaves, 81 50 per 10. SPANISH MOSS, $3 50 per hundred lbs. MAGNOLIA FOLIAGE (the magnificent broad- leaved evergreen of the South), 84X0 per bbl. Any quantity of above in same proportion. We pack in light, strong cases and ship promptly. All material is selected with the greatest care, and only perfect stuff is sent out. Special Low Rates by Express. JESSAMINE GARDENS, ^*~ JESSAMINE, FLA. HORTICULTURAL BOOKS. We can supply any of the following books, postpaid, at the prices given: How to Grow Cut Flowers (Hunt). — The only book on the subject. It is a thoroughly reliable work by an eminently successful practical florist. Illustrated, $2.00. GREENHOuse Construction (Taft). — It tells the whole story about how to build, and heat a greenhouse, be it large or small, and that too in a plain, easily un- derstood, practical wav. It has 118 illustrations, $1.50. Bulbs and Tuberous Rooted Plants (Allen). — Over 300 pages and 75 illustra- tions. A new work by a specialist in this line. Tells about lilies, cannas, dahlias, hyacinths, tulips; and all manner of bulbs and how to grow them indoors and out- sides, summer and winter. $2.00. Mushrooms: How to Grow Them (Falconer). — The only American book on the subject, 29 illustrations. Written by a practical mushroom grower who tells the whole story so tersely and plainly that a child can understand it. This book has increased mushroom growing in this country three fold in three years. $1.50. Success in Market Gardening (Raw- son). — Written by one of the most promi- nent and successful market gardeners in the country, and who has the largest glasshouses for forcing vegetables for market in America. Outdoor and indoor crops are treated. Illustrated, $1.00. The Rose (Ellwanger). — The standard work on roses in this country and written from a field affording the widest experi- ence in practical knowledge and opportu- nities for comparison, and where every variety of rose ever introduced is or has been grown. $1.25. The Biggle Berry Book (Biggie). — A condensed treatise on the culture of straw- berries, raspberies, currants and goose- berries; with truthful colored illustrations of 25 varieties of strawberries, 8 rasp- berries, 5 currants, and 5 gooseberries; 35 illustrations in black and white; and portraits of 33 of the most noted berry growers all over the country. 50cts. The Propagation of Plants (Fuller). — An illustrated book of about 350 pages. It tells us how to propagate all manner of plants, hardy and tender from an oak to a geranium, and describes every pro- cess — grafting, budding, cuttings, seed sowing, etc., with every manipulation pertaining to the subject It is the voice of practical experience, by one of the most brilliant horticulturists living. $1.50. Manures (Sempers). — Over 200 pages; illustrated. It tells all about artificial, farmyard and other manures, what they are and what they are good for, the dif- ferent manures for the different crops and the different soils, how to apply them, and how much to use and all in such a plain way that no one can misunderstand it. The author is an active, practical, horticultural chemist. 50 cents. Dictionary of Gardening (Nicholson). — An inimitable work. An encyclopaedia of horticulture. It is the ready book of reference for all cultivated plants, includ- ing the most obscure genera and species as well as the most familiar. It is stand- ard authoritv on nomenclature. An Eng- lish work but as much appreciated here as in Europe. Four volumes. $20.00. The Garden's Story (Ellwanger).— A delightful book portraying the beauties and pleasures of gardening in the most fascinating style; it is eminently practical, and useful too, for the author loves, knows and grows the plants he writes about; and has a field for observation and practice second to none in the coun- try. Price $1.50. Fruits and Fruit Trees of America (Downing). $5.00. Fruit Garden (Barry). $2.00. Small Fruit Culturist (Fuller). $1.50. Gardening for Profit (Henderson). $2.00. Practical Floriculture (Henderson). $1.50. On the Rose (Parsons i $1.00. Truck Farming at the South (Oemler). $1.50. Window Flower Garden (Heinrich). 75c. Ornamental Gardening (Long). $2.00- A_rt Out of Doors (Van Rensselaer). — Hints on good taste in gardening. $1 50. The Flowers of Japan and the Art of Floral Arrangement. Colored and plain plates. (Conder.) $12.50. Sweet Scented Flowers and Fra- grant Leaves (McDonald). A very in- teresting subject handled in a popular and masterly way. $1.50. Botanical Dictionary (Paxton). His- tory and culture of plants known in gar- dens. New and enlarged edition, $7.20. The Wild Garden (Robinson). How to make alloutdoors beautiful, moreespe- cially the wilder and rougher parts of the grounds about our homes, by the great- est master in that art. Splendidly illus- trated from life. $4.80. How to Know the Wild Flowers ( Dana) . Guide to the names, haunts and habits of our common Wild Flowers. Illustrated. $1.75. According to Season (Dana). — Talks about the Flowers in the order of their appearance in the woods or fields. $0.75. The English Flower Garden (Robin- son). — This is the best book on outdoor ornamental gardening extant. It deals with hardy flowers of all kinds, and tells us how to grow them and how to plant them to secure the most perfect growth and charming results; it enumerates and describes most every plant of the kind worth growing; it has 832 pages and manj' hundreds of illustrations. Its author is the greatest master in orna- mental gardening who ever lived. Price $6.00. Plant Breeding (Prof. Bailey).— Deals with variation in and crossing of plants, and the origin of garden varieties, etc., 293 pages. $1.00. The Horticulturist's Rule-Book (Prof. Bailey). — A compendium of useful information for all interested in fruit, vegetable or flower growing. 302 pages. 75 cents. The Soil (Prof. King). — Its nature, relations and fundamental principles of management, 303 pages. 75 cents. . . THE, GARDENING CO., Monon Building. Chicago. HARDY ORNAMENTAL TREES, SHRUBS, VINES, EVER- Th. •„,., P ,„, r „ ^o,,„e n , „, H . r d 7 o„.. GREENS, AND HARDY HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS. ir^w"^i A pSSlil7i ,, « w8S tion. Plans and estimates furnished. Send your list of needs for special rates. | THE READING NURSERY, JACOB W. MANNING, Proprietor, RKADIXG, MAS S. | When writing mention Gardening. i8q6. GARDENING. 63 JOHN G. MONINGER GO. Cypress write Qreen=House F ° A R TLG 412 Construction 422 Material. Hawthorne Ave., Chicago, 111. IF YOU LIKE GARDENING PLEASE RECOMMEND IT TO YOUR FRIENDS. The Smith Premier Typewriter Company, whose typewriter is now so well and favor- ably known, is constantly endeavoring to make typewriting easier and more practical. They have within the past year placed upon the market the new No. 2, 3 and 4, contain- ing new and useful improvements, such as are not to be found in those of other manu- facture. These new machines are by far the best mechanically constructed, conse- quently the most durable, easily operated and simplest writing machines on the mar- ket. Beginners like them because they are simple and easy to learn; experts because they are faster and more accurate; employers because they are durable and least expensive. The office of the Smith Premier Typewriter Company is at No. 154 Monroe street, Chicago. PLEASE MENTION GARDENING WHEN WRITING TO ADVERTISERS. HITCHINGS & CO. Established 50 Years. Horticultural Architects and Builders And Largest Manufacturers of GREENHOUSE HEATING AND VENTILATING APPARATUS. The Higcst Award Received at the World's Fair for Horticultural Architecture, Greenhouse Construction and Heating: Appratus. Conservatories, Greenhouses. Palm Houses, etc., erected complete with our Patent Iron r>'rame Construction. SEND FOCR CENTS FOR ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUES. - -2Z Hercer Street, NEW YORK CITY. H. H. HOOKER COHPANY, 57 and 59 West Randolph Street, CHICAGO. GLASS FOR GREENHOUSES.^-^- Plate, Window and Art Glass, Paints, Oils, Etc. Burpee's Seeds ARE THE BEST THAT GROW W. ATLEE BURPEE & CO., Philadelphia. Announcement to Florists — — a*^. We desire to announce the dlssolut on of the firm of Siofle. Dopffel & Co.. and to Introduce to the trade its successor. The Syracuse Pottery Co . which will be under the management of William Dopffel and t onrad Brelt^chwerth. The business wtil be conducted as heretofore, except on a larger scale to meet the growing demand for our goods. Wn have accordingly enlarged our plant and capacity, and with unsurpassed facilities are uow prepared to fill the largest order on short notice- Our latest Improved machines are turning out tne best and most serviceable flower nnts in the market, and assuring you of our Intention to lead in further improvements, we solicit a continuance of your patronage In the belief that we can supply just what is needed at a price and In a manner satisfactory to all. Send for price list and samples, and we know you will give us an order SYRACUSE POTTERY CO., Office 403 N. Salina St., SYRACUSE, N. Y. CYPRESS IS MUCH MORE DURABLE THAN PINE. GREENHOUSE AND OTtyE R BUHDIN6 M ATERIAL. Sena.for our Illustrated B00K "CYPjRESS UJMBERakd frs USES." Send for-Vur Special GreenhoosVCineul&r. .The^t; STe&rt^5 Lumber (0., I Ne> qnseiH &9ST9N, fo ass. THE EMERSON I PATEHT BINDER A.ITLE And Permanent Binding for Music, Periodicals.Photns of Goods, Samples of Fabrics, etc. Y *IGH r EDJ^~ SINGLE STANDARD However opinions may differ on the finan- cial quesi ion. there has been no demand for a change in the fence standard. "Just asgood as ih»- Page" is current everywhere, if you can safely rely on the promise being re- deemed. 'After all. it is better to get the gen- uine stuff and take no chances. Write PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., Adrian. Mich. ORCHIDS . • 12 Best free growing and profuse flow- ering Orchids for amateurs, for $10.00. WH. MATHEWS, Utica, N. Y. PLEASE MENTION GARDENING. When you write an advertiser please state that you saw the adv. in Gardening. 64 GARDENING. Nov. /, >ON'T buy worthless nursery tock and VVASTE many yearsof VALUABLE TIME waiting results and finally lose your MON E Y. But send to the IOON Company who have the FINEST NURSERY STOCK at Reasonable Prices. Nfw Catalog for 1896. Send for one. Free. Estimates furnished. Correspondfnce solicited. THE WM. H. MOON COMPANY, Morrisville, Pa When writing: mention Gardening. FLOWER POTS. • STANDARD • You will make a mistake if you place your orders for flower pots this Spring without first receiving our estimates for same. Our plant is now the Largest in the World. Our stock unlimited. Our goods equaled by none. . . . A. H. HEWS & CO., North Cambridge. Mass. The Originators of the Standurd Fiower I'ots. Our capacity now la 12,000,000 Standard Flower Pots rii; YEAR, a full line of Bulb Puns. Send for price list. THE WHILLDIN POTTERY COMPANY, 713 to 719 Wharton St.. Philadelphia, Pa. hiianch Warehouses: Kearney & Wentslde Aves.. .lerBey City. N. J. .lackaon Ave. & Pearson St., Lony Island City. N. V. TWO YEAR OLD Crimson Rambler ROSES. Kine fleld-jirown plants for fall planting. AL'O HARDY ROSES ON OWN ROOTS. Payson's Fair Oaks Nursery, Trees and Shrubs. OAK PARK, Cook Co., ILL. IF YOU LIKE PLEASE RECOMMEND IT TO YOUR FRIENDS. LORD & BURNHAM CO., Horticultural Architects ^p Builders STEAM AND HOT WATER HEATING ENGINEERS. .'.., Plans and estimates furnished on application. . . „ Largest builders of Greenhouse Structures. Six highest Awards at the World's Fair. t£~Send Four Cents I'ostage for Illustrated Catalogue. LORD & BURNHAM CO., Arc ^p U T r H a, fl ^.: c co'r .** «.. Factory: Irvington-on-Hudson, N. Y. NEW YORK CITY. When writing mention Gardening. The trouble with some conservatory heaters is that they do not heat evenly — they're affected by the winds — permit the windward side of the house to be as cold as the outside atmos- phere and overheat the other side. You know plants can't thrive in a house heated in that way. The "LITTLE GIANT" HOT WATER HEATER warms the room uni- formly — and maintains an evenness of temperature. Catalogue free. • We heal the world. 84 Lake Street, CHICAGO American &oi/er Company 94 Centre Street, NEW YORK. BULBS Special low prices to close out Surplus Stock J. WILKINSON ELLIOTT, Landscape Architect, PITTSBURG, PA. h^anti Send giving H. H. FLORA of JAPAN & CALIFORNIA Chinese Narcissus, over 100 varieties of Lily Bulbs, Camel ias. Palms, etc. HARDY PLANTS, Japan Maples, iris h.. C'ematis. Cacti, Flower Seeds and seeds of the most interesting and ful plants of California and Japan, fur our richly Illustrated Catalogue of -IS pages full descriptions of above. BERCER & CO., San Francisco, Cal. I KSTAHI.SHKIi 1878 1 'VU i OUP^GBEMT SPECIALTY -or*. I I I jj§ ,: mm ■ : .i«f. Please mention GARDENING every time you write an advertiser. Bl aj ie -aiTg. fur i n; t .i i t i n r i i it id ±J Vol. V. 82.00 a Year. 24 Numbers. CHICAGO, NOVEMBER 15, 1896. Single Copt 10 Cents. No. 101. - ^M pB 3^i«fc 39M Sh^^^-^- -M s«r~-> ■^^^ " &M& i^m^HH^B Mk^ * '-'-4EJ $ft^ ^W . '"^ ta -<- -y -■ w- -.,... -as*. EP5i —Lr^f"" 1". v' r^-aL-i. - -MmtiM gS CBTAR OP LEBANON. Trees and Shrubs. THE CEDAR OF LEBANON. (Cedrus Lebani.) I took pictures the other day of some notable trees at Flushing, Long Island, and send you copies of them. The tree we now illustrate is the Cedar of Lebanon. It is 68 feet in height and at three feet up from the ground its girth is 14 feet 4 inches. This tree was planted in one of the Flush- ing nurseries about 95 years ago and ap- pears to be now in the prime of life. It is one of the several now standing in Flush- ing and shows better than the others, the peculiar characteristics which this cedar presents to the casual observer. These are a tabular top (only faintly indicated in the picture), and a foliage which ap- pears to be arranged in horizontal lajers or strata of different shades of color, pro- ducing a strikingly beautiful effect. The foliage resembles less the foliage of our native cedar than that of the larch, differ- ing from the latter in that the clusters of needles are grouped more closely upon the twigs and branches, so that the tree loses the feathery appearance for which the larch is famous. Until the Cedar of Lebanon is well ad- vanced in years it may easily be mistaken 66 GARDENING. Nov. is, lor the common spruce or hemlock, as the peculiarities are not usually developed at an early age. '• B- G. Flushing, N. Y. The "Our Native Cedar" you refer to is probably the "red cedar" which is not a cedar at all but a juniper (Juniperus Vir- giniana). There are only three true ced- ars in the world, namely, the Mount At- las cedar f Cedrus Atla'ntica) , the Hima- layan Deodar iC.Deodara), and the Cedar of Lebanon (C. Lebanh, and some excel- lent botanists insist that all three of them are forms of the same species. SHRUBS FOR A SMALL TOWN LOT. E. C, Petersburg, Va., sends us a plan of his garden, and asks us to recommend some small shrubs to plant on "each side of the front steps or side steps, no steps on the south side; from front steps to gate 18 feet, from side steps to gate 10 feet. What about Japanese maples— will they grow too big? Also arbor vitses? As regards what to plant and how to plant it, you must use your own judg- ment; we can only tell you what things are low growing and suitable for such limited area. Don't plant arbor vitals; they aren't good enough. If you want evergreens, get some of the finer retino- sporas, as pisifera. st/uarrosa, filifera, plurnosa, or some of the yews, as cuspi- data repanda, stricta or a tree box. But at the pathside we don't think you will have room enough for them. On theeast and north, if sheltered from bleak winds, rhododendrons should thrive well, so will deciduous azaleas; if much exposed, plant A'osa rugosa. A clump or two of the common yucca would be pretty. Among flowering shrubs, Spiraea callosa alba and Bumalda; Deutzia gracilis and parviHora, Daphne Mezereon or others of such low stature should grow well there. By Japan maples we presume you mean vari- eties of palmata and/apon/ca,suchasare sold in nurseries for their beautifully col- ored and much divided foliage Yes, they are all right and very desirable; if they ever grow too big for the place you may conclude you have been in luck, and better still, no matter how big they are they are easy to transplant. years planted a heavy dressing of manure spread broadcast over them will be of great benefit to the shrubs. Arbor vita;s, yews, retinosporas, sephalotaxus, podo- "carpus, junipers and other evergreens that are likely to have their branches or bodies weighted down or spread apart by winter snows, should be tied together with marline or other stout cord in such a way that the cord cannot be seen from the outside and at the same time it shall be perfectly effective in keeping the branches together. In the case of young trees or shrubs, especially in clay land, see that the earth is hilled up against the stems somewhat so as to throw the water away from them; and no water should be allowed to rest on the plat in which the trees are growing. TREES AND SHRUBS. The pruning may be done most anytime in winter, it consists of cutting out one or two branches where they rub together, sawing off broken branches close to the stem, shortening in shoots or branches that run out too far. It is a hard matter to tell living wood from dead now that the trees are leaflless, so we don't bother about that unless we know the branches to be dead. The same with shrubs, also, we do a deal of thinning in their case, cut out the scraggy useless wood, and over crowding branches, and likewise the old flower spray wood, so as to give the younger shoots more room and light for next spring's work. If you planted out some trees this fall and they need a stout stake to support them against being tossed bv wind or broken by animals, give them the stakes. A good ligature to use in tying is marline put through a piece of old rubber hose. In the case of rhododendrons and azaleas a heavy mulching of forest tree leaves help them wonderfully, indeed, it is the same with most evergreens, and a windbreak made of boards, brush, orcorn thatched hurdles is a great protection to them. In thecas" of shrubbery borders especially if several JAPAN QUINCE-A FREAK. I have this day, November 3, a Japan- ese quince in full bloom, also a few flow- ers on Lonicera Henrotin. How is this for cold Iowa? [Bad. Blooming in the fall is caused by some severe check in sum- mer, such as is caused by a hard drouth preceding copious rain, and is always to be dreaded, for it makes the subject an easier prey to the inclemency of winter than are those having firm, well-ripened shoots that had not started prematurely into growth. Ed.] But I write mainly about a freak shown by the Japan quince. On one of its stems, about three feet from the ground, a shoot starts which is a reg- ular vine, entirely without thorns, and about 5 feet long. Its lower part has advent buds same as on the regular plant. How can I propagate this shoot? I think it will be much easier to handle this than the regular plant. C. T. Davenport, Iowa. By layering the shoot and making it into cuttings, then caring for these, or safer, graft it. NATIVE KALMIA-AZALEA-HOLLY. Why do not people plant more of the American laurel and the Azalea nudidora and vi'scosa? Few foreign shrubs are equal to them in beauty, they are plenti- ful, easily procured, and bloom so full. Whv are they neglected by so many? Also the American holly? Slow growing to be sure, but give it a soil similar to where it lives, plenty of leaf mould and a mulching when young and it is reliable. Westbury, L. I. Isaac Hicks. We are glad you have asked these ques- tions for you are a nurseryman and know what you are talking about. Now let us get your head in chancery. When the people buy shrubbery for their gardens they want to get good sized; well-estab- lished, bushv plants that will flower the first year, to begin with, and every suc- ceeding vear they want these shrubs to keep on getting bigger, handsomer and more floriferous. Have you got in stock Kalmia latifolia (laurel) plants, say two feet high, full, bushy, and well rooted, of this sort, and if so, will you sell them at the average price of other shrubs, say 50 cents each? If you have not and won't, the answer is clear, good plants are too expensive and hard to get, amateurs don't want to turn nurserymen and grow their plants, they want them already- grown But if you will furnish plants as good as this and at this price then you are a missionary deserving of credit and encouragement; in fact we will give you a big order. Of course these shrubs are wild in the woods and amateurs can have them for the digging, and so on, all of this is true, and nurserymen have the same privelege, still it is queer that they will grow Persian lilacs, Japanese spin-eas, and hybrid roses to twice the size of these kalmias and sell they for half the price they charge for the laurels that they can go out into the woods and get for the digging. Besides, most amateurs prefer paving the nurseryman a fair price for a good shrub, than be bothered carving it home from the woods let alone digging it up there. The two azaleas mentioned are capital shrubs but often of scraggy ungainlv habit and they areslow to mend their shape. Small plants of the Ameri- can holly do not appeal to the general public, they are so very slow growing and we have to wait so long before they begin bearing berries. At the same time we recommend it to our readers for they ought to have it. The Fiuropean holly is not hardy north of Philadelphia. A TREE ARCH. I am sorry you think the idea of a tree arch overagateway is not pretty, in fact puerile, for some years ago I was childish enough to make such an arch over the front gateway of a village residence and took much comfort in it; even the neigh- bors didn't known any better than to admire the effect. The lot was quite wide and deep, with house about in the center. Two young elms, Scotch and English, eight or nine feet high, were planted on the further side of each gate post and the little tops bent over, interlaced and tit d together with stout twine. It was a prettv arch to begin with and a little pruning kept it in shape and increased its size and symmetry for several years, or as long as I lived there. I do not think "A. W. C." will make a serious mistake in forming such an arch. Wm. H. Coleman. Albany, N. Y., October 24, 1896. The arched arbor of pin oaks at Dosoris see illustration in Gardening [August 1, 1803, page 348. They are 24 feet apart acrossthe road, and30feet asunderin the row, and are 19 years planted] and the arbor is the most perfect and beautiful thing of the kind in the country, and it is annually becoming fuller and better. The oaks were planted in opposite pairs and trained up straight to tall stakes, then a wide bow was make of long hickory sap- lings, and the oak tops tied down to it, and kept growing on in this way till they met and were joined to each other and became self-supporting, and to do this we had to keep the shoulders cut in, or the trees always persisted in an effort to rush up from the perpendicular. Still there was no use shutting our eyes to the fact that if these oaks were left to their full natural development from the beginning the same arch or arbor end would have been obtained before now by cutting in the inner branches up to as high as we wanted our arch, and letting the outer ones stay right down to the ground. Don't you think the effect would have been more pleasing and satisfying than that obtained bv arching in the tops? We do. DOUGLAS'S GOLDEN JUNIPER. This is a gem among hardy evergreens. It is a yellow variegated variety of our common wild juniper (Juniperus commu- nis) and was first brought to notice and disseminated by our esteemed friend Mr. Robert Douglas, of Waukegan, Illinois. This was about a dozen or so years ago. It was so good a shrub that for several years the demand for it was far in excess i8g6. GARDENING. 67 DOUGLAS GOLDEN JUNIPER AT DOSORIS. of the supply, and even now it isn't plen- tiful. Our illustration engraved from a photograph of a plant on a lawn at Do- soris, gives one a fair idea of what kind of a plant it is. The habit is dense and spreading, the ends of-the branches rising to a height of 18 or 24, inches above the ground level. In summer the color is bright golden yellow, but as winter ap- proaches, this golden hue gradually merges into a metallic brown color. In summer it is bright and pretty, and in winter its brown tint is quite marked. It is an excellent subject to plant on rocky exposures or in sandy ground, but mark, it doesn't at all do better there than in good soil. The specimen shown you in the picture is about 14 feet across. In another part of the grounds near a fringe and mass of evergreen trees, we planted a large circular bed on a slope back from but in sight of a road running near by there, where the golden mat could be seen in passing the road. The effect is bright, good, and not at all obtrusive, and catches the eye of the passers. Other good points in its favor are that it is quite hardy and easily transplanted. The Flower Garden. MY GARDEN IN WINTER. My garden is situated very near Lake Michigan, and is wind-swept during the winter and early spring months. It there- fore becomes necessary to put our pets snugly to bed before the holidays. About the middle of October all the shrubbery and flower beds are gone over, neatly edged, well weeded, and all tops of the perennials cut down and taken away. All labels are carefully examined, and firmly reset in the ground, while those hanging on trees or shrubs are looked after to see if they are not cutting into the limbs. All plants that are tardy in appearing above the ground in spring, such as the funkias and platycodons, have a strong wooden stake put at their sides, while all lilies have cane stakes put to mark them. This is done so that they will not be inadvertedly disturbed next spring. Where constant weeding or other causes have lowered the soil some- what, the bed is refilled and leveled up. Later on all lilies, considered tender such as Krameri and Hansoniand the clematis in the shrubbery beds, have mounds of ashes — wood or coal — placed over them. All clematises around the porch are cut back to within one foot of the ground, laid down and covered with leaves, over which are placed boards to protect them from the melted snow swept from the porch. The early falling leaves are not worth much for covering as they rot too quickly and pack too closely. Oak leaves are the best. Alstremerea aurautica has a box in- verted over it filled with leaves and then strawy manure or any coarse litter placed over box and all. All half hardy evergreen plants such as Acanthus latifblius, A.spinuosus and Yucca filamen- tosa, which I find enjoys this treatment, and responds with finer flowers, are well mulched with manure and then have empty barrels or boxes placed over them. These packages should be large enough so that the foliage does not touch the wood, otherwise that part in contact often browns. Magnolias (Japanese dwarf), Wiegelias (altheas) Deutzias and Itea Virginia and rose Mad Geo. Bruant are wrapped in straw. Rosa wichuriana in a mass twelve feet in diameter has well rotted, finely pulver- ized manure scattered over it, and well worked in, and then covered with Eulalia grdsses or evergreen boughs. Climbing roses grown to posts, such as Prairie Queen, Crimson Rambler, Paul's Carmine Pillar Rose, Empress of China, etc., are unloosened, coiled around the post onthe ground, and covered with grasses or boughs. The Seven Sisters, against the wall, and Ayshiri ramblers on tree stumps have the long canes of the Arundo donax in the one case, and pea vines in the other put over them. All trunks of young trees where exposed to the sun have a couple of laths or simi- lar protection placed at their south side to prevent sun scald in winter which so often causes disfiguration of the bark. The golden spreading Juniper and the type also, when growing strongly often burns at the tips in winter. A temporary roof of light boards prevents it. All low growing evergreen perennials, I ke Papa- ver orientals, Heuchera sanguinea and the candidum lilies, are covered with ever- green boughs or anything that will not ma down on them, but before doing so fine manure is worked in among them. The Eulalias are cut down to use in cov ering other plants; where the tops are not wanted, however, it is best to leave them uncut until spring, but I manure heavily in the fall and leave it there in the spring. Tar paper or boards, anything to keep out the water is placed over Arundo donax and hollyhocks and then manure. A piece of sod is put over Lobelia cardi- nalis to check its tendency to heave with the frost. Then a good coating of manure 68 GARDENING. Nov. i$, is put over all shrubbery beds, tree boles and the lawn. The labels of the hybrid perpetual roses are taken up and tied to the plants, which are then bent over and fastened to some neighbor. The side of the bed is boxed in. the bed filled with dry leaves and then roofed with boards. Allowance for cir- culation of air above the leaves is pro- vided. In the cutting grounds these roses are planted in rows, there they are bent over and covered with soil, in the same manner I cover my raspberries. Before doing so, each plant has a small tag of sheet lead with a number stamped on fastened to it by wire. These numbers are pencilled on the back of its summer labels which are put away and a mem- orandum also kept. Azalea, mollis, rho- dodendrons, crape myrtle, and similar plants are wintered in boxes in the cellar. The cannas are taken up with all the soil that will adhere to them and placed in anv cellar that will keep potatoes safelv^ In their place I put tulips and hyacinths, which are through blooming before wanted for cannas. Beds contain- ing narcissus, English and Spanish irises, or anv early riser, are covered with half rotted oak leaves (saved from last win- ter's covering) which allows them to come up through it without bleaching. In the meantime the cold frames have been filled with foxgloves, Canterbury bells, and the Chimney campanulas, tri- tomas, montbretias, pansies, Hypericum moserianium. Seedling Iceland poppies, and any young perennials (unless unques- tionably hardy), rooted cuttings of dian- thus, snapdragons, pentstemons, carna- tions, etc. Then comes a deeper cold frame filled with the tender roses. Anem- one coronaria and tender iris have their cold frames and one sash is filled with dry leaves, the glass and shelter put on and not opened until some fine day in February when it is planted with Ranun- culus. All unoccupied beds in the kitchen gar- den or elsewhere are ridged up to get the benefit of the winter's frost. Nordman's silver fir, which is not happy here, newly planted or exposed ever- greens not over hardy have solid board wind breaks placed around them Liquid- ambar stryaciflua loses its terminal buds here but I am getting a young specimen in good form by fastening small bunches of excelsior to the tips. Nursery trees and shrubs for next spring's planting have their roots pruned when received so as to become calloused before spring, and carefully heeled in in a slanting position in the most sheltered and best drained place at my command, and covered with straw or rough litter. W. C. Egan. Highland Park, near Chicago. THE WILD GARDEN. It is gratifying to see the increasing in- terest shown by your readers and coi re- spondents in the fascinating subject of Wild Gardening. This growing interest is, no doubt, largely due to the editorial encouragement supplied by the columns of your excellent paper. It is plain, also, that the same taste has taken root and is showing growth among the people at large. The amateurs and small cultiva- tors. Owners of small holdings, lovers of little back-yard gardens, and all who are content with simple experiments in flower raising, are beginning to appreci- ate the treasures of the -woods, and the pleasure of introducing a few rustic beau- ties to the company of their cultivated pets in the flower border, where both may flourish and shine together. Such a happy and easy combination of nature and art is worth the while of every garden lover. Wm. Robinson's "Wild Garden," which I read twenty years ago with much inter- est gave almost the fi st impulse to this style of gardening in England, and also to some extent in this country, and I am glad to see by a recent note in Gardening that a new edition, enlarged and beauti- fied, has been lately issued in London, and a copy very properly sent to your worthy self. But Mr. Robinson's idea is not a new one. Long before his book gave form and emphasis to the plan of combining the garden plants with the wildings, there were few garden lovers of my ac- quaintance, who, fifty years ago prac- ticed this pleasant habit, and who de- lighted to enrich their small flower beds with accessions from the wildwoods and meadows. The intimacy thus established between the two classes, the rustic and therefined, proved an advantage to both. The rus- tics quickly felt the stimulus of improved soil and better care. They hastened to put on their better attire and often out- stripped and outshone their more aristo- cratic neighbors. At first, naturally, the contrast was broad, the old residents claimed prece- dence and seemed jealous of invasion, but gradually the lines of separation disap- peared and the effect of the contact proved harmonious and charming. Let me tell you some of my own early experience in this direction gathered from my boyhood's garden of sixty years ago. I could not quite share my next door neighbor's preference for the unvarying round of annual seed sowing, the formal rows of mignonette and mullein pinks, of coreopsis and four o'clocks, of sweet basil and ragged edge sailor, nor for the prim edgings of box — the clump of southern- wood and the border of chives or moss pinks. My own garden favorites were quite as much those of the woods and the pastures, and one after another of the rustics was brought home from botanizing or fishing excursions, and given a place in the garden, sometimes even crowding out the more aristocratic occupants. The results soon became pleasing to the eye and even surprising. The wild violets doubled in size and improved in color. The exquisite "Dutchman's breeches" outstripped in beauty, its cultivated cousins adlumia and dielytra; the "Jack- in-the-pulpit" sent up his gigantic stems to overtop his calla relatives; the blood- roots and hepaticas and anemones were welcomed from the woods and showed their gratitude by a two weeks' earlier bloom than was their wild habit, and were conspicuous and gay even before the moss pink began to glow in the bor- der. In the lily-ot-the-valley patch I in- troduced the wild convallarias, the Solo- mon's- seal of several species, and all thrived and bloom d together in exquisite variety. The wild iris stood bravely by the side of her Persian and German sis- ters, never quite forgetting her inferiority, but greatly improved in size and color. The pyroleas and the acteas from the damp pine woods raised their showy heads above the bed of periwinkles, the harebell took its place among the choice campanulas, the trilliums, came in with the Mayapple, crowding out some old cultivated residents of long standing and carpeting the shrubbery with their star- spangled foliage. Wild shrubs also, as well as herbaceous plants were admitted to the new com- panionship. The wild spiraeas respond readily to care and are quite as attractive as some of the cultivated species. The clethra doubles the length of its sweet racemes under cultivation; the wild althea from the salt meadows soon forgets the briny soil in which it grew, and thrives equally and even better, in rich garden mould, and the wild senna and indigo are both ea-ilv grown and very attractive in the shrubbery, and the bayberry, under generous culture, becomes one of our fin- est evergreens; it is only rivalled by the southern pittosporum, which it much resembles. And so on, Mr. Editor, indef- initely, and this is only a single experi- ence. H w easy to enlarge, vary and improve with local material, and with a little individual taste and a willingness to depart from conventional ru es — thus making variety a feature of gardening which shall be instructive as well as pleasing! To invert this process, and to carry our garden flowers to the woods is another branch of wild gardening and the one to which Mr. Robinson chiefly devotes him- self i i his admirable book. Thus the woodland shrubbery is enriched with bulbs of all kinds, and lilies, campanulas, foxgloves and other garden favorites go out to adorn the edges of the forest thickets. It must be remembered that Mr. Robinson deals with English nark grounds, and not with our more natural American landscape. Still the book is crammed with wise and practical sug- gestions and every page is full of interest. But I am encroaching on your space, and will only add my strong appeal that you will continue to encourage your mai^ readers in trying to do a little wild gar- dening and to find out for themselves some of its instructive lessons, and its manifold charms. J. M. Barstow, M. D. New York, November 10, '96. FLOWER GARDEN NOTES. Queen of the Earlies Aster (white), sown about the last of February in the greenhouse and planted out early came into bloom the last of May; it was fol- lowed by Queen of the Market, then other varieties and open-airsowings,sothatwe have had asters in bloom in the garden ever since June 1 and the sowing of June 20 is still in good cutting condition, having withstood several frosts. The blight, so de- structive to the midseason asters, appear- ing with us this year for the first, did not affect the earlier or later sowings. A border of early flowering chrysanthe- mums eclipses in brilliancy all other gar- den displays of the year, and partly dis- budded, presents some handsome though not very large individual flowers. They excite much admiration, make fine bou- quets in vases, are in nearly all the colors and shades common to the chrysanthe- mum, and even if they should not prove hardy will be well worth growing as an annual. The seed was started early inside. Barnard's Perpetual Lobelia has the finest flowers of any trailing kind we have yet seen; intense dark blue with large white eye. Goldelse is a very pretty low growing yellow leaved variety, has hand- some flowers and makes a nice edging. Pyrethrum Aureum "Moss" is another new, finely cut, golden-leaved edging plant, which for two years has shown no tendency to run to seed. Salvia potens, from seed or roots, set rather closely because of the few flowers which open at once, will give perhaps the intensest mass of blue obtainable. It grows two or three feet high and is also available for cutting. We have had no more satisfactory i8q6. ' GARDENING. 69 a sash for top covering is a great shelter; it is safer, however, to add a dry straw mat and thin wooden shutter over it. CHRYSANTHEMUMS AS WINDOW PLANTS. [SEE PAGE 72 ] flower in the garden than a bed of extra early Parisian wall flowers. They were started inside about the last of February and planted out early, have been in con- stant flower since the last of May and they still are growing and floriferous as ever; the flower sprays have always been cut as soon as ready. It perfumes the garden for a considerable distance and has been very much admired when cut. Carnations, Vienna, Grenadin, Mixed Border, Marguerites and some greenhouse perpetuals have again given us more than five months' supply from the open ground. Plainfield.N.J. E. K. GENTIAN-PRIMULA-STOCKS. Is it known whether the fringed gen- tian, Gentiana crinita. is an annual or biennial? Botanical treatises, as far as seen, are silent on that point. Can it be flowered in gardens, and if so, how? Primula, corpusoides, Japonica and rosea have all failed to germinate, both when sown in cold frame in iall and in pans in Januarj-; other primulas, as auric- ula, denticulata, elatior and vulgaris, sowed beside them at same time having germinated well. Can you tell me how to get the former class from seed. I have little plants of various stocks and wall flowers in cold frames; will they need more than a sash covering to winter safely? Inquirer. Gentiana crinita if raised from seed in fall blooms next fall, and in this way acts as an annual; if the seed does not germin- ate until spring it may not bloom till the year following, when it acts as a biennial. Houstonia ccerulea (bluets), Lobelia car- dinalis (cardinal flower), and several other common plants behave in much the same way. Yes, it can be raised from seed, grown and bloomed in the garden, but it is a very difficult matter and this is why we never see it in cultivation. But if you have a clear, mossy, bog garden and scatter newly ripened seeds over the moss in November, the chances are that same may germinate and a few plants live on and bloom. In (act gentians of any kind are difficult to get up into flow- ering-sized plants from seed; still seed of many of the ranker herbaceous sorts ger- minate freely enough. We know of no good reason why seeds of Primula cor- tusoides, if fresh, shouldn't germinate; we have always grown them without any trouble. Cortusoides amxna, or Sieboldii has given us some bother at times though. With Japonica and rosea it is different, though. If you have old plants and they blossom and ripen seed, and the seed drops on the ground, seedlings will spring up there in myriads; let the seed get a few months old and dry before sow- ing and it does not germinate readily, in fact, often not at all. Try to get newly ripened seed. Yes. ^he wallflowers might pull through all right, but the stocks are apt to suffer. A warm aspect, shelter from north and northwest winds, a frame-bed perfectly free from surface water, and the frame well banked around with earth, ashes, leaves or manure, even with only THE FLOWER GARDEN. The beds have been emptied of their summer bedding plants and filled with hyacinths, tulips, narcissus, crocus, scil- las, etc , and the beds all smoothed over with the rake. As soon as there comes a crust of frost hard enough to bear a horse and cart, we will haul a lot of fine manure and cover the beds a few inches deep. This can stay on in spring or be removed, just as we elect. For neatness sake we have cut over the phloxes, larkspur and other herbaceous plants of that kind and spread a coating of half rotted strawy manure over them; all of our fall-planted perennials have been treated in this way even in nursery beds. The evergreen plants as statice, armeria, pansies, etc., have some pea- brush laid over them, then a sprinkling of rough material as cut down stems of Arunda Donax or of eulalia grass spread lightly over the brush, to save them from wind, warm sunshine, and in a measure heaving by frost. Over the arundo, eula- lia, mistflow. r, and other barely hardy plants we put a heavy coating of strawy manure, and we give Hypericum Moseri- anum a good dressing. While the last named may be hardy enough under cer- tain conditions, it is too good a plant to take any risks with. Over lily of the valley, and over and between well established per- ennials a heavy dressing of rotten manure put on now, and left there till spring or altogether, strengthens them greatly. If you leave the tritomas in the ground over winter be sure that the surface drainage is perfect, then gather the leaves of each plant together into a knot and fill up between the plants with a foot deep of tree leaves, and over that spread some litter or branches. Auratum and other Japan lilies are hardy enough maybe, but we strongly urge that a heavy mulching over them is advisable, it does them much good. We have planted a lot of foxgloves and other hardy plants in the ravines and open woods, and are now mulching them with old aster, goldenrod, and other plants mown down in the woods to clean up things. This covering is light, and should answer the purpose very nicely. fl LIST OF HARDY PERENNIALS. Will the editor be kind enough to send me a list of hardy herbaceous plants that will bloom each month from early spring till late autumn. H. T. T. Montclair, N. J. All hardy perennials bloom in that time, hence you can appreciate the size of your question But we will name a few: In early spring we have Arabis albida, Alyssum saxatile, moss pink and two other phloxes, spring adonis, purple eory- dalis, Virginia lungwort, doronecums, epemedium, orobus, spring iris, lily of the valley, trilliums, columbines, bellworts, bellflowers, coreopsis, perennial candy- tuft, the great host of bulbous plants as narcissus, tulips, etc. Then we have hardy pinks, pyrethrum, fraxinella, bap- tisias, pa;onies, and the host of lilies, larkspur, monkshood, clematis, and a hundred others that bloom in summer. For later work we have swamp rose mallow, speceosum and Wallacei lilies, white day lilies, orange asclepias, Japan anemones, gaillardias, baltonias, Pyre- thrum uligmoseum, Eupatorium agera- toides, torch lilies, mountain fleece, sun- flowers as Orgyalis and Maximilianus, 70 GARDENING. Nov. 75, golden rods, asters, and the like. Get a florist's catalogue o! hardy perennials and it will give you a good idea of the season of the flower. COMING GflNNflS. I paid $2 a piece forCrozy'snewcannas for 1896, and among them all I have not found one that is go d enough to increase for further use. But the fool and his money soon part, and year after year we pour our hard earned pennies into the bottomless pockets of European florists. Among the American raised new varieties to be sent out next year we believe you will find something worthgrowing. The best are as follows: Duchess of Marlborough. — Foliage 3 feet by 1, flowers large, pink, trusses 12 inches long, many flowers. Duke of Marlborough. — Semi-dwarf, fine truss, of a very dark color among cannas, a crimson maroon. Maiden's Blush —A delicate rosy flesh with deeper color towards center of flower. Lorraine. — A surprise, flowers pink, broadly edged with sulphur yellow shad- ing white; it is fine. Sunset. — Center of flower brilliant scar- let flaming and shading into yellow. Brilliant. — Three upper segments of flower are a pure canary yellow without a spot; the lower segment and stamen are bright scarlet. Gloriosa. — Like Queen Charlotte, but has larger trusses and brighter color; is never over, IS inches in height, of very uniform growth. California. — Orange gold; the largest flower, largest spike of that color. Triumph. — Puie orange scarlet overlaid with gold immense compact truss and large flowers. Champion. — Bright crimson, the larg- est flower next to Austria and a robust grower. Philadelphia. NOTES ON NEW FLOWERS. Dwarf striped French Marigold, Electric Light — This is one of the best of the French marigolds, the plants being dwarf and compact, the light yellow stripes on a maroon ground making a striking contrast. Aster, Giant Comet, The Bride — This is perhaps the finest of the Comet asters. The flowers are very large, white at first becoming tinted with rose as they fade The centers are usually filled with a mass of long curved tubular florets. Giant Combt Aster, Sulphur yellow. — The flowers of this are good, but the color is a light straw instead of yellow. Aster Surprise. — This variety was evidently sent out too soon and needs further selection. Not more than one in filtv comes true to the description. Aster, Princess Rosalind. — Flowers very double and imbricated to the center, of a fine rose color and one of the best varieties of the small flowered classes, the plants having the same free flowering habit as the White Princess or Snowball. Japanese Asters. — No flowers of any variety of aster surpass these in size except Semple's or Vick's Branching. The petals are very long and tubular reminding one of some of the Japanese chrvsanthemums of the Lilian Bird type. Aster, p.eony Perfection, vermilion scarlet. — This is the brightest colored variety I have ever seen, a brilliant crim- son. Aster, Dwarf Chrysanthemum, terra cotta. — An entirely new colo in aster, a terra cotta brown and a desira- ble addition on this account. Cosmos, yellow.— This ought to prove one of the be s t of annuals for a bed of yellow. The foliage is very finely divided the plants from seed sown in April were a mass of bloom from July to October. It grows about ISinches tall, of good habit, and flowers, which are about one and one-half inches across, are a good bright clear yellow. Sun, wind and rain have no bad effect on it. [Don't you mean Bidens and not cosmos? You know they got very much mixed up last year. — Ed.] Physalis Francheti — This new orna- mental plant from Japan promises to be of considerable value for decorative pur- poses. Introduced by way of England England it will probably be generally catalogued by American seedsmen the coming season. Plants from seeds sown early in March, madea rapid growthand many branches 15 to 20 inches in length, and form many curious inflated calyces two to three inches in diameter enclosing fruits the size of large cherries These calyces are at first green but during the last of August turn to a brilliant orange- scarlet, the enclosed fruits also turning to the same color. The calyces are quite tough and keep their color well when dried and will be very useful for winter decoration. The foliage stands a hard frost without injury and the roots are said to be hardy in England. II grown in pots it would make a fine winter plant. Pansy Park, Mass. L. W, Goodell. flOW WE GROW LILIES. We grow many hundreds of lilies in great variety, and find that it pays us to be carelul in planting and in giving them the best soil obtainable. October and November are the best months in which to plant them (excepting (L. candidum) which should be planted in August) although thev can be planted any time through the winter, till April if the ground is open and dry. We grow all of our lilies in clumps, say ten to twenty bulbs in a clump, and in this way they are seen at their best. We dig out the hole large enough to hold all the bulbs, a. foot deep, if the soil is poor we cart it away and fill in with old rotted sods; in the bottom of the hole we put some very old manure and dig it having the hole about six inches deep when finished, athin layer of sand is thm put in and the bulbs are set on this, each bulb is then covered with sand and the hole filled in. The bulbs seem to like this coating of sand as they start away nicely in it; another thing they are not so liable to decay as the sand keips any decayed matter that may be in the soil away from the bulbs, and one of the most important points to observe in lily culture is not to have the bulbs rest on any manure when planting as it is apt to rot them. In planting the bulls they should be put far enough apart so that they will not need lifting in four to six years. They increase very fast. Some of the speciosum lilies here that were planted four years ago, three bulbs to a clump, have 30 to 35 strong flowering canes now, and are growing stronger every year. Lilies like plenty of water in their growing sea- son and this should be seen to. When you see the leaves at the bottom of the cane turni g yellow, you may be sure the plants are dry at the roots We always keep a mulching of old manure on them all summer, this helps to retain the moist- ure as wtll as to feed them. The mulch- ing is put on in the fall and left on, we do not take it off in the spring. Lilies can be planted in a great many places where other plants would not thrive and they take up very little room when once planted; for planting amongst early summer blooming plants nothing is better. If the H. P. roses are planted in an exposed part of the garden a few lilies would help to keep the spot gay after the roses were past flowering, the same can be said of the rhododendron bed. We have had all of our Japan iris lifted and divided up and when we reset them we planted a lot of avratum and Speciosum Melpomene lilies amongst them, this will keep the garden gay after the irises are past and will do them no harm. Lilies can also be grown in pots very success- fully and will well repay any little extra trouble that may be given them. At this season of the year they may be potted up and plunged in a frame or pit the largest bulbs should be put in a!) to a 12-inch pot 3 bulbs to a pot and thesmaller onesinto smaller pots. They are easily managed in this way and when in flower you can arrange them in any part of the garden you want to or use them for house decor- ation. They can be brought out of the frame in early spring and started in a cool greenhouse if wanted early, or left in the frame to start; they will be a few weeks earlier than the ones planted in the garden. Tney will take plenty of liquid manure when growing and after they are through flowering they can be plunged out in the garden to ripen the bulbs and then be repotted In the fall again. Insects do not trouble lilies but the lily disease is sometimes troublesome, the lilies most affected with it are candidum and excelsum. After trying several remedies we at last found one that was a preventive of the disease. Carbonate of copper one ounce; ammonia (one'halt to one quart ) enough to dissolve it, for use dilute with nine gallons of water; this may be kept in corked bottles and used as needed. We tried thisremedv the past summer and found it very effective. Can- didum lilies left unsprayed had the disease very bad while the ones that were sprayed were quite clean. Lilies when received should be planted as soon as possible as they soon shrivel up it exposed to the air too long. Some ot the easiest to sow, and showiest in flower are auratum in variety, speciosum in variety, Brownii, candidum, elegans in variety, Hansom, Martagon, superbum, Wallace and Triginum in variety. Mahwah, X. J. David Fraser, PflLOXES-TO HIDE TflEIR STEMS. Wanted, a good, shining green, that could be planted in frond of the hardy perennial phloxes as a shield to the lower part, the effect would be much improved. Can you suggest some such perennial, which would probably be in bloom and attractive when the phlox is not? Nova Scotia. A. R. C. The late blooming phloxes vary so much in tj'pe, that is in barrenness or fullness of foliage, shortness or tallness of habit, and branchiness or scimpiness of stem, that we generally arrange to plant the taller ones and scimpy ones in the middle and the shorter ami leafier ones on the outside. But j'ou want a plant which in freshness and fullness shall make a good border to a bed of phloxes in general, and hide their naked stems, and at the same time always be good looking itself. We haven't many fitted for this work. Sedum spectabile, Funkia ovata and F. grandi- tiora, Hemerocallis Dumortieri and H. graminifolia, Asclepias tuberosa, fraxi- nella, and some such plants might answer. And in the way of shrubs a border of tree ivy or Spiraea bumald.t might be available; or Pennisetum longist- ylum as a tender or annual grass. i8g6. GARDENING. 7i A CORNER IN AN AMATEUR S GREENHOUSE. Wintering auriculas. — M. D. writes: "I have a iew pots both of yearling and seedling auriculas; what is the best treat- ment for them fromthis time forward?" As we have several hnndred of much the same thing at Sehenley Park we will tell you what we are doing with them. We raised them from seed last spring, and grew them planted out in a frame all summer, the frame was open but slightly shaded by a nearby apple tree. In Sep- tember we lifted the strongest and potted them, two or several in each vessel, in pots or pans for bl oming in the green- house in late winter and spring. These pots shall be plunged to their brims in a well-drained cold frame and we shall try by banking around it and covering it with sashes and shutters to keep hard frost out of it, not to save the plants from the cold, but to save the pots from bursting by frost. Ventilate freely in favorable weather. The plants left in the frame were planted up a little closer to- gether to save room, and we shall cover the frame in winter with sash, and may be a shutter to exclude wind, storms and warm sunshine in severe weather. Al- though auriculas are hardy enough in their native alpine home, they often suffer here in winter on account of our strong light in frosty weather, and exposure to to searing winds. The Greenhouse. AN AMATEUR'S GREENHOUSE. Here is a view in an amateur's small greenhouse. The photograph from which our illustration was engraved was sent to us b\- a subscriber in Mahoning. It shows a miscellaneous collection of plants — ferns, palms, draca?nas, orchids, etc., grouped at the end of the central bench. In just such a little greenhouse as this is, hundreds o c active business men of the country find recreation and rest before and after city business hours. Growing plants is a pleasure to them, and they usually succeed in obtaining excellent results with their flowers. Not only do the men folks find happiness in a little greenhouse, but the ladies of the family take a special pride and pleasure in it, and if there is an invalid in the family the greenhouse is sure to be her special de- light. You can grow as good plants in a plain every-day little greenhouse as in an elaborately built and expensive one, and now-a-days when you can buy every bit of the framework ready made at the fac- tory, and any jobbing carpenter can put it together, the expense is very moderate. If you haven't got one, put one up and enjoy life. THE OREENflOUSE. For an ordinary greenhouse a safe night temperature is 50°, and 60° by day, or with sunheat a few degrees more. In such a house as this is, bouvardias, carna- tions, stevias, primulas, cyclamens, bego- nias, azaleas, genistas, callas, and the like, and many orchids can be grown to perfection. In a warm greenhouse a night temperature of 60° with 10° to 15° higher by day is about right. In a house of this sort palms, ficus, dracanas cro- tons, marantas, anthuriums. nepenthes, and such orchids as vandas and phalam- opsis thrive to perfection. But if a per- son has only one greenhouse he can grow most all plants mentioned above in it by arranging the cool-loving ones at the cool end of the house, and the heat-loving ones at the warm end of it. In the win- ter far less shading is necessary than in summer; carnations and roses, don't need any, but Chinese primroses, cinerarias, calceolarias and cyclamen, are benefited by a thin shade; in the warm house while crotons, ficus and some other plants would luxuriate in open sunshine, it is seldom convenient to separate them from those that do need a little shade, and as they thrive well enough in slight shade, it is well to have the house thinly shaded, then there will be no fear of palms, ferns, mosses, begonias and such like. Callas, roses, cinerarias and other plants in vig- orous growth must be watered copiously, so must palms, anthuriums, and other evergreen vigorous stock, but the general tendency at this time of year is to some- what lessen the water supply at the root, consistent with the lower temperature and less incitement to growth, but al- ways keep up the moistnessof the atmos- phere, and the more artificial heating is used the more water we should spill about the flooi , benches and walls of our greenhouses to moisten the air. Down with insect vermin. Keep the hose or syringe at work against red spider, with a little brush and whale oil soap remove scale and mealy bugs, and use tobacco smoke or tobacco vapor to kill thrips and aphides. We have lots of patent in- secticides each one better than the other; choose for yourself and follow theinstruc- tions given with them, except in the strength of the mixture; to begin with try it at one-half strength and if that doesn't hurt, at three-fourths. Fumigat- ing with tobacco is exceedingly disagree- able work, and if any one tells you that you can "smoke" a greenhouse without that smoke pene rating into an adjoining room opening from the greenhouse; or that you can put plants into a cupboard in the cellar and "smoke" them there without the smoke coming out into the cellar, or that you can smoke them under an improvised tent made of a wet sheet without the smoke escaping from there, don't you believe one word of it. We use fresh stems in large quantity on and under the benches, and on the heating pipes, and sprinkle them with water once or twice a day to cause them to exhale that pungent vapor which is so fatal to thrips and greenfly, but, mark, perfectly harmless to scale, mealy bugs and red spider. A BOYS' GREENHOUSE. By an appropriation of the Michigan legislature of 1895 the Industrial School for boj'S at Lansing was enabled to erect a greenhouse, and engage a gardener to teach the boys. We endeavor to be prac- tical in our work, leaving theory to be acquired in later life. Our first house was erected in the fall of 1985, but was not used until the next spring. It is intended as a store house (dimensions 50x20 feet) but for want of a better stock is now used for bedding plants, begonias, chrys- anthemums, etc. In July of this year, we erected a 50x20 feet short span to the -south, rose house, and also a work shop with bulb cellar and loft. The roses were planted August 1, and consist of Meteor, Beauty, Bridesmaid, Mermet and Perle. They are doing very nicely and we are cutting some superb Meteors. We like the short span to the south first rate, but can talk better next spring of course. The boys do all the work and the way they learn and the amount of interest they take in horticulture and botany does one's heart good. We hope to have 72 GARDENING. NOV: 75, a vegetable house soon which will also accomodate violets, carnations, chrysan- themums, etc. We also expect to start a wild garden next summer and to put out more and better flower beds which will make our grounds quite attractive. For the short time the enterprise has been running it has been a source of great pleasure and we think we may add, profit to the institution. Gardening is our inspiration and we wish it all possible success. One of the boys. Good. We wish every industrial school had a garden and a greenhouse too for the use of the boys, yes, and the girls as well. No. we don't wish to make you all florists and gardeners and nurserymen, for vou all will net have the apitude or inclination for such work. But it will make you better boys, manlier men, and more refined citizens Take a walk through your native towns and note the prettiestand nicest kept gardens there, they probably belong to machinists, car- penters, or railway men, and you will generally find their owners are yourmost exemplary people. Likely it is the good wife that is the gardener, bless her, and the influence of that woman is potent on every member of her family and every neighbor. Boys, keep a diary and stick to it. Not only make daily entries of what is done every day, and why, and what is in bloom, but also under separate head- ings make separate entries, for instance under the heading of roses, enter every- thing you observe about roses, as you observe it, and so on. You talk about increasing the number of your flower beds, now be careful, many flower beds are bad taste. Let us suggest that you get together a large variety of plants, say two or three of a kind of all the popular shrubs so that you can be- come acquainted with them and know them; also popular hardy perennials, bulbous plants, annuals, hardy roses, vines of many kinds and the like, and get them all properly named so that you can- not mistake or "forget them. Your wild garden is an excellent idea, keep it up. In this issue, page 86, Dr. Barstowoneof the most eminent gentlemen in New York gives us his opinion, born of 60 years' practice of wild gardening. COLD FRAMES. Tbese are used to protect somewhat tender plants over winter from severe cold; these plants may be cut-down chrysanthemums to be kept over till spring, potted bulbs to be kept under a heavy coating of loam or ashes, to be get- at-able when needed; daisies, polyan- thuses, pansies. Canterbury bells, forget- me-nots, crown anemones and the like, which will be transplanted to out-door beds in spring; and pansies, violets, for- get-me-nots, lily of the valley, primroses, anemones, ranunculuses for winter or spring blooming in the frames. The frames should be on perfectly dry ground, and where there would be no possibility of rain or melted snow lodging in pools about them, and especially should they be dry on the bottom inside. A bank of coal ashes or sandy earth packed up against the sides of the frame on the outside shuts out the cold and throws off the wet; then if there is a heavy bank of tree leaves or strawy manure banked against them to the top, and a board laid flat on top of this covering, it will keep all snug and warm Wet or rotted manure makes a poor bank. Well glazed sashes should be used to cover the frames and as an extra protection straw mats should be placed A WHITE-FLOWERED CATTLEYA. (Catlleya Gaskdliaiia alba.) over them, then light wooden shutters over the mats. If you haven't mats, hay, straw, old carpets or anything of that sort will answer. In fact where it is sim- ply a case of keeping the plants over win- ter, for instance, chrysanthemums, pent- stemons, montbretias, multiflorus sun- flowers, pansies, daisies and the like for bedding out again in spring, some dry oak leaves spread loosely over the plants in the frame are protection enough under the sashes, but be very careful to venti- late freely in sunny weather tokeepdown warmth" and in this way not excite growth. As regards violets, pansies, daisies, forget-me-nots, lily of the Valley, anemones, ranunculuses, narcissus and the like that we grow in frames to induce them to flower in winter and earlier than usual in spring, we must keep them snug and warm, and endeavor by much cover- ing at night over the sashes to exclude frost altogether; be also very particular to take advantage of sunshine and mild weather. Himalayan Rhododendrons are tender sorts requiring cool greenhouse treat- ment, but they are of extraordinary beauty, and not at all hard to grow. In the more refined collections of greenhouse plants in this country they are finding a place, and deservedly too, for we want variety. We want to get something more than cinerarias, primroses, Dutch bulbs, and other every day material, there is room for all. But we were grieved the other day to hear a prominent gardener, whose employer had recently brought some of these rhododendrons, speak dis- paragingly of them. Chrysanthemums. CHRYSANTHEMUMS AS WINDOW PLANTS. The illustration, page 69, is a picture ot my window filled with chrysanthemums. I understood that the blooms are not up to a florist's standpoint, but it may prove of interest to amateurs, who have to grow them under similar conditions to mine. These were grown outside in sum- mer in pots without special care except to repot them as needed till it was about time for frost, when they were placed in the window as shown, where they have bloomed nicely, and have elicited much admiration from passers by. The varieties are J. H. Troy, the tall one at the back of the center window, Nemesis the one at the right and Mrs. M. R. Parker at the leftin front of J. H. Troy which stands almost five feet tall and con- tains 89 blooms of snowy whiteness; at the two lower corners of this center win- dow are two plants of Miss M. M. John- son whose rich yellow blooms show too dark to t e very distinct. The one at the right hand in small window is Dean Hole not sufficiently developed then, but fine now. At the left hand window is a plant each of Jeannie Falconer and Mrs. E. G. Hill, and some smaller plants are placed along the front at the bottom of the cen- ter window. W. O. Clark. Chillicothe, Mo. Orchids. A WHITE-FLOWERED ORCHID. (Cattleya Gaskelliana alba.) Orchids are the aristocrats among flow- ers and white-flowered orchids are re- garded as the fairest of the race. Among the grandest of all are the cattleyas, and the white flowered cattleyas are the gems of the genus. Our illustration, engraved from a photograph taken at Dosoris last summer, shows one of the whitest, most perfect and beautiful white cattleyas we have ever seen. A plant of this sort is quite valuable, but we came to have it quite accidentally. A gentleman, a nat- uralist, going to Brazil wished to send home some orchids to whoever would buy them, and Mr. Dana took a dozen or two. They were mostly Cattleya gaskel- liana and when they bloomed this white one was one of them. It is just as healthy and easy to grow as any other cattleya. iSg6. ' GARDENING. 73 OYMBIDIUM LOWIANUM There are also white-flowered varieties of many other species of Cattleya, and all are precious. CYMB1DIUM LOYVlflNUM. Eleven years ago among other things we got a small plant of this from Eng- land, it had just been imported from its native wilds in Burmah. When we got the plant we shook it out of the i ompost in which it had been potted, washed the roots clean, and repotted it into fresh compost which consisted of chopped fern root and broken pots. The fern root from the woods is all the peat we use for orchids here. As the plant filled its pot with roots I repotted it into a larger one, being careful not to injure the roots, and it has flowered freely every year since we got it. When photographed it was grow- ing in a 15-inch pot and had 1-4 flower spikes, bfct since that photograph was taken it has been in blossom again; it had 18 flower spikes, and as many as 26 blooms on some of them. The plant is grown in a greenhouse kept at 50° to 55° at night, and it is liberally watered dur- ing its growing season, and even when at rest in winter it is not allowed to get quite dry; when in vigorous growth w r e give it a little liquid manure as a stimu- lant. I crossed C . Lo wianum with pollen of C . eburneum in the spring of L892, and obtained ripe seed which I sowed in January 1893. In two months timethree seedlings came up, and two of these are now showing flower spikes; and to-day (October 12, 1986) there is a seedling from the same sowing just coming up through the moss on the pots in which they were sown . From Cattleya Bowringiana, and C. labiata, also Dendrobrum formosum giganteum, we are getting some fine flowers for cutting, they also render the greenhouse quite gay. Some of the plants of D. formosum giganteum are now flow- ering here for the twelth consecutive sea- son, and they are vigorous enough to indicate that they will bloom for many vearsmore. Among the cypripediums in bloom are several hybrids that were raised here and flowered before, and others that are now blooming for the first time. The deciduous calanthes are blooming nicely; the larger bulbs are mostly bearing two spikes apiece. To get fine flowers one must have fine bulbs. George McWilliam. Whitinsville, Mass., October 12, 1896. fl YEAR'S GflTTLEYflS. Cattleya Trianx is at its best in Decem- ber, January and February; C. Schroderre runs through March; C.Mossiae although most beautiful in April and May will run well into summer; C. Mendelii is gayest from May to midsummer, and is suc- ceeded hy C.gaskelliana; afterthat comes C. gigas and C. Warneri, and C. Harriso- nix, and for the late summer and autumn months C. labiata is our mainstay. Now all of these are of the easiest possible cul- tivation, showy and beautiful, and any amateur who grows orchids at all can grow them successfully. A. D. ORCHIDS. Calanthes, Cattleya Percivalliana, and C. Trianx, Dendrobium formosum gigan- teum, D. Phalxnopsis, Cypripedium in- signe.and a good many other orchids are now making abeautiful display, and how lovely they are! Among the tens of thous- ands of greenhouse plants grown at Schenlev Park the orchids are the most admired, and this is notby theconnoiseur alone, but by the common uninitiated peo- ple. Be sure you have a good lot of pot- ting material, say fern root and live sphagnum moss on hand. Turn out the fern root ( or peat as we call it ) and let it dry. this allows the earthy material to be easily shaken out of it; this earthy stuff becomes pasty, and it holds water and is apt to sour; the best peat is free from it. But we must keep the moss alive and green, as dead or rotted orchid roots don't take as kindly to it or live in it as well as they do in fresh green moss. Spread it out in a cold shed and keep it moist. Don't let dendrodiums or other orchids at rest shrivel for want of water. MIMICAL ORCHIDS. The fox bush orchid is ^Brides Field- ingii; the goat or.hid, Masdevallia chi- mxra, the parson in the pulpit orchid, Oncidium dasy stile; the cradle orchid, Anguloa Clowesii; the jewel orchid, Anxrtochillus petala; the moon orchid, Aspasia Iunata; the dandy orchid, Ca- tasetum scurra; the sad orchid, Cirrhxa triste; the bottle orchid, Pleione Lage- naria; the swan orchid, Cycnoches chlo- roclnlon; the bull's mouth orchid, Chysis aurea; the old m